One of the most common rules of the Russian language is the spelling of a particle not with different categories of words. One cannot but notice how difficult and ambiguous this topic is. However, any literate person needs to know this.
Verbs with no
First of all, in elementary school, children are taught to spell particles NOT with a verb. Probably because everything is simple in it. With the exception of words that cannot be written without NOT , all other verbs are written with them only separately.
For example: does not perform, does not think, does not come, does not notice.
In the words "perplexed", "unwell", "dislikes", a root is used that cannot be used without NOT . In this case, it is no longer a particle, but a prefix.
The participle also applies to this rule. Since they are a verb form, they adopt some of its features.
For instance:
- He spoke without looking into his eyes;
- said a hurtful word without thinking.
Exceptions will also be such words that we do not write and do not pronounce without NOT : to look at the fire, perplexed .
Not with the sacraments
Another form formed by the verb and the adjective is the participle. Undoubtedly, it carries some signs of action in itself. But still, this part of the speech is more inclined to describe something. Here, the rules governing the combination of particles will NOT differ from the verb.
Each participle, if it has a dependent word, will be part of the participle turnover. If at the same time it is used in a negative value, then the particle is NOT written only separately.
For example: A problem that I have not solved .
It is hard not to notice that the word "unsolved" carries with it the dependent word "by me." This means that we have a communion turnover. As you know, in it the participle will always be written separately with the particle NOT .
And in the phrase - a timely error not noticed - there is a dependent word "timely", which also gives the right to write the word with NOT separately.
Another example: an unfulfilled plan .
In this case, only continuous writing is permissible, since the word has no dependent indications - where, by whom and when this plan was not fulfilled.
As with every rule, there are also exceptions. When a word cannot be used in speech without NOT, we will write it together.
Example: wind indignant all spring . As you can see, even in the presence of dependent words, this participle is written together, since the variant used without this particle does not exist.
Adjectives with the particle “not”
This part of speech is often confused with the sacrament. But unlike him, the name adjective has no connotation of action. Its purpose is to characterize the subject, to describe it from different angles. Spelling “not” with this part of speech is more complicated than with the previous ones.
With an adjective, this particle can be written together, and not.
If by the way with NOT we can pick up any synonym, then you need to write it together. For example: This room is uncomfortable (bad, dirty) .
When a word is not used without a particle NOT, we will also write it together.
For example: inclement weather
Separate spelling will be in adjectives, which will be used with a contrast in the context of the sentence:
- It was not a fun holiday, but very boring.
- Summer was not warm, but cool and rainy.
In some cases, the opposition is not explicit, but can only be implied. For example: The tablecloth is not white .
If the adjective carries a double negation (that is, apart from the particle, NO adverb is used), then we write it separately.
For example:
- This jacket is not big at all.
- Our new friend is by no means short.
Short forms
Adjectives and participles have a distinctive feature from others. They can form short forms by truncating the ending. Their spelling with a particle will NOT differ from the full ones.
For instance:
- Error unnoticed ( but not noticed (reason));
- Dress not worn ( but not worn).
It follows that in short forms of the participle is NOT always written separately.
With adjectives in a different way. Their short versions will be used with this particle as well as the full ones.
For instance:
- Ugly act (ugly);
- Not the right thing (not needed);
- Not a pretty skirt at all (the skirt is not beautiful).
Thus, we conclude that it is first necessary to determine in what form the word is used. Only then we decide how to write NOT with him.
Total
Having studied the features of different parts of speech, we found out that there is no single rule on spelling with it a negative particle NOT . Each of them has certain nuances. It is difficult not to notice that it is important to study the characteristic features of all parts of speech in order to correctly use the rules. It is worth remembering that far from always a particle will NOT be written separately. In many cases, its continuous use is quite justified.
Using the information from our article, you will not have difficulty in spelling the particles NOT and will not make mistakes.