Once a famous philologist was asked about how many languages he knows. He pointed to the thick dictionaries in Russian and replied that he did not know a single one, because he could not perfectly master his own. That is why literacy for native speakers of the Russian language is even more important than for a foreigner. A person who does not know foreign languages is ignorant. A person who does not know his own language is a traitor to the Motherland. So, consider the sacrament involved, the commas associated with it, and the rules for its use.
What is a participial turnover?
This design always consists of two parts:
- participle;
- dependent words.
Communion is an independent part of speech, a verb form, which has the signs of an adjective. This part of the speech manifests in itself both the signs of the verb and the adjective. Signs of the verb include: control, type, voice, time.
Signs of the participle as an adjective are: gender, number, case, form.
It is worth remembering that these signs are permanent.
Participial turnover: commas associated with it, after a defined word
If the participle turnover is after the word being defined, then it is separated by commas. A few examples:
The dog, running in the yard, rushed to the gate.
The definite word in this turnover is “dog”. "Running in the yard" - the sacrament turnover itself.
The skyscraper, built as soon as possible, towered above the city.
“Skyscraper” is a definable word. “Built in the shortest possible time” - participle turnover, where “built” - the sacrament, “in the shortest possible time” - dependent words.
Note that in the first sentence, the sacrament was valid, and in the second, it was passive.
Communion: commas and rules of use before the defined word
The rule reads: "The participle in front of a defined word is not separated by commas." For example: A piece of sausage lying on a table caught the attention of Murzik.
"Lying on the table" - participle turnover. Please note that commas are not highlighted here.
Brewed strong coffee stood and cooled, but the girl still did not go to the kitchen.
Place of participles in Russian and their competent use
Sacraments came to modern language from Slavic antiquity, but although they have existed here for a long time, they are rarely used in oral communication. Moreover, the comma before and after the sacrament was and will be the scourge of all students. And all because this design is not found in ordinary oral speech. Some experts strongly do not recommend such use. You should adhere to one more recommendation: do not download the written text in participial turns - you run the risk of making it difficult to assimilate. Avoid a large number of participles, in the suffixes of which there are hissing: melting, croaking, walking, reading, flickering, living, carrying, chewing , etc.
If necessary, the participle turnover is easily replaced by a subordinate clause. At the same time, the comma after the participial revolution is preserved even during transformation. For instance:
The apple washed by me lies on the table. “The apple I washed is on the table.”
The text I wrote was forgotten in the room. “The text I wrote was forgotten in the room.”
Mistakes when using participial sentences
Due to the specific nature of the participles, people make many mistakes when using them and distort the sacrament, sometimes commas are not even put. Using the participles and revolutions built on their basis, several rules should be followed.
- Do not use the particle “would.” The suggestion will be incorrect: the Pitmen did not use special dynamite, which would provoke a collapse of the entire mine. It is in this case that the subordinate clause can help us out . The miners did not use special dynamite, which would provoke a collapse of the entire mine.
- Unions and allied words can not be included in the participles. Therefore, the bridge that collapsed last week was not rebuilt. In such cases, confusion occurs in the structure of the sentence, and it becomes improperly composed. Such an option will be successful: M ost, collapsed last week, did not begin to build anew.
- Often the speech disrupts the arrangement of the turnover and the word being determined. 1) Communion is separated from the main word by others. The mouse rustles in the corner, gnawing a grain. Obviously the wrong arrangement of parts of the sentence. They need to be interchanged. A mouse gnawing a grain rustles in a corner.
2) Defined word in the middle of a turn. For example: She had a yellowed side from sunlight. Grammatically correct sentence: She had a side yellowed from sunlight.
Category and time are not just words
In addition, the categories and time inherent in the participles are important.
1) The present participles emphasize what they mean. I saw a schooner rushing along the waves. We went to a village founded by an old landowner.
2) A sign of constancy. Marina is a good employee who is responsible in carrying out her duties.
A cat is a cunning animal, always hungry for peace.3) Indicating a constant symptom, past participles are sometimes used . He stared at the apple tree growing in the garden. - He stared at the apple tree growing in the garden.
Remember! Actual participles indicate a sign of who (what) is doing (a sailing boat, a dining family, a princess reading ), and passive ones indicate a person with whom (what) they are doing (a folded newspaper, a cut apple, a book read, written text ).
Thus, in the article, we revealed what the participle turnover is when it is highlighted with commas and what are the rules and exceptions for its use.