How is parsing a word? You will learn the answer to this question from this article. In addition, several examples of this analysis will be presented to your attention.
general information
Lexical analysis of the word is carried out using various linguistic dictionaries, namely, explanatory, phraseological, dictionary of antonyms, synonyms and homonyms.
It should be especially noted that such an analysis is aimed at the lexical unit of the Russian language, indicating such features as:
- the unambiguity or, conversely, the ambiguity of the word ;
- the type of its lexical meaning in a particular case;
- synonyms;
- the origin of the word;
- antonyms;
- belonging of a word to vocabulary, limited in use, or common vocabulary;
- phraseological connections of one or another expression.
Parsing a word is an optional parsing for normal school practice. As a rule, such an analysis is not given as a control task.
Generally accepted scheme
In order to correctly carry out the lexical analysis of a word, it is necessary to adhere to the following scheme:
- Definition of the lexical meaning of a word in a particular context.
- If the selected expression is ambiguous, then it is necessary to indicate its other meanings (if absolutely necessary, you can use the explanatory dictionary of the Russian language).
- Establishing the type of lexical meaning in a particular context (direct or figurative).
- In the event that the value is figurative, then its type should be characterized.
- Construction of a synonymous series for a word in its existing meaning.
- A selection of the antonymic pair to the selected word.
- The definition of the word’s affiliation, that is, whether it is native Russian or was once borrowed from a completely different language.
- Establishing whether the selected word belongs to vocabulary that is limited in use or common vocabulary.
- Determining whether a given expression is obsolete.
- The occurrence of this word in the composition of phraseological units.
Parsing Examples
In order to understand how the lexical analysis of the word is carried out, it is not enough just to know the features of such an analysis and its scheme. After all, any theoretical knowledge must necessarily be supported by practical work. To do this, we decided to bring to your attention a few examples of various words that have undergone lexical analysis.
Lexical analysis of the word "mowing"
So, let’s analyze the word “mower”, which is included in the following sentence: “The mower walked along the rapidly mowed steppes”.
1. A mower is a person who mows, that is, cuts grass or any cereals with a traditional scythe or mower.
2. The word "mowing" has several meanings, namely:
- one who is mowing;
- a heavy and large knife designed to scrape off something or crush a splinter;
- thousand monetary units (jarg.).
3. The meaning of the word "mowing", in which it is used in the sentence, is direct.
4. The synonyms of the word “mowing” are “mowing” or “mower”.
5. The origin of the word "mowing" is native Russian.
6. In the first and second meaning, this word is commonly used. As for the third, in this case it is used only in colloquial style.
7. The word "mowing" is obsolete. Accordingly, it is not part of the active vocabulary of modern people.
Lexical analysis of the word "golden"
Let us analyze the word "golden", which is included in the following sentence: "Golden autumn has come to us."
1. Golden autumn - the time of year when all the trees and grass turn yellow and resemble a shade of gold (metal).
2. The word "golden" has several meanings, namely:
- made of gold;
- embroidered in gold;
- calculated at the rate of gold;
- similar to the color of gold;
- beautiful, very good and wonderful;
- auspicious and happiest;
- beloved, dear (in an appeal to someone);
- mineralogical and botanical names.
3. The meaning is figurative.
4. The kind of figurative meaning of the phrase “golden autumn” is a metaphor (denotes a similar color to gold).
5. The synonyms of the expression "golden" are the following: yellow, beautiful, wonderful, fabulous, delightful, etc.
6. The word "golden" has the following antonyms: dirty, disgusting, bad, bad.
7. Origin - native Russian.
8. This expression is commonly used. It can be used in any style of speech.
9. The word "golden" is not outdated. Accordingly, it is part of the active vocabulary of modern people.
Lexical analysis of other words
Here are a few more examples:
- Lexical analysis of the word “fantastic” in the sentence “I've seen enough of science fiction films”:
1. A science fiction film - invented by fantasy and not really existent.
2. The word "fantastic" has several meanings, namely: magical and bizarre; unbelievable and unrealizable; non-existent and fantasy.
3. The meaning is direct.
4. The synonyms of the word are the following: incredible, stunning, not true.
5. Has the following antonyms: normal, commonplace.
7. Origin - borrowed from the English language (fantastic).
8. This expression is commonly used. It can be used in any style of speech.
9. The expression is not outdated. Accordingly, it is part of the active vocabulary of modern people.
- Lexical analysis of the word "kindness" in the sentence: "By the kindness of the soul he gave all his clothes":
1. By kindness - spiritual quality, expressed in a caring and gentle attitude towards someone.
2. The word "kindness" has only one meaning.
3. The meaning is direct.
4. The synonyms of the word are the following: good, good-natured, good-natured, philanthropic.
5. Has the following antonyms: evil, cruel.
7. Origin - native Russian.
8. This expression is commonly used. It can be used in any style of speech.
9. The expression is not outdated. Accordingly, it is part of the active vocabulary of modern people.
10. It is used in the following phraseological units: by kindness of soul, blind kindness, etc.