In Russian syntax, there are members of a sentence that, being subordinate to the main members of a sentence, play the role of clarifying, refining, supplementing the grammatical basis of a sentence. They are called minor members of the sentence. The status of the proposal: widespread or non- widespread, depends on their presence or absence in the proposal. Knowing which word of a pair of grammatical foundations a particular minor term refers to, one can characterize the sentence as complete or incomplete.
There are three types of minor members:
- a definition (and its variety appendix) that answers the questions of the adjective and disseminates the subject or other member of the sentence, expressed by a noun or pronoun;
- addition is expressed by a noun or pronoun, answers case questions and spreads a predicate or other term expressed by a verb, verb forms, noun, pronoun or adverb;
- circumstance (has several digits depending on what it means and what it indicates) spreads the predicate and the same members as the addition answer the adverbial questions.
In a simple sentence, there are often secondary members of the sentence who answer the same questions and relate to one main member of the sentence, and are interconnected either by a creative connection, or intonationally. In this case, there is homogeneity of the minor members of the sentence. The syntactic characterization of such a sentence will be this: a simple sentence with homogeneous members. It happens that in the sentence the same word is repeated several times in order to strengthen the reader’s view, then there can be no talk of homogeneity, and the sentence will be described as simple uncomplicated.
The homogeneous minor members of a sentence in a letter are separated by unions and commas. The method of separation depends on the method of communication of homogeneous members, categories of unions connecting them, as well as on the type of intonation. So, punctuation marks for homogeneous sentences.
A comma is required if:
1) there is no union. For example: The whole city was decorated with blue, green, yellow, red lanterns.
2) between the words there are opposing unions: a, but, yes [= but], but, however. For example: Things were ugly, but new.
3) double alliances are used. For example: He liked not only flowers, but also trees.
4) repeating unions are used. For example: We were smart, beautiful, successful, and the most successful of our release.
5) there is a union, and in the sense of addition. For example: He did not complain about fate, and life, too.
A comma cannot be set if:
1) homogeneous members of a sentence are connected by separation unions either, or, and also by connecting unions and, yes [= and]. For example: Was it a blue or turquoise dress?
2) phraseological turns take place . For example: Yes, he is neither fish nor meat.
Thus, in order to more accurately communicate the necessary information, you need to use the minor members of the proposal. However, do not forget about punctuation marks with them. Only then can you boast of your beautiful, correct, competent written speech.