The predicate is an integral part of the grammatical basis of the sentence. Different types of predicate in Russian can answer different questions, have different meanings, be expressed in different parts of speech.
In our language, the predicate most often conveys the action performed by the subject (the boy runs ). In this case, it will answer the questions “What does it do?” "Or" What will he do? ", But expressed in verbs.
Less often, the predicate can express the state of the subject, its sign, and answer the questions “What is the subject?”, “Who is the subject?”. Such a predicate will be expressed accordingly in other parts of speech.
In Russian there are different types of predicates. All of them have real (lexical) and grammatical meaning. Under the material (lexical) is meant the name of the action or condition that the predicate calls. ( Volga flows. I am a builder. )
The grammatical depends on the form in which the part of speech expressing the predicate stands. For example, in the Volga sentence this present tense flows , the indicative mood, and in the sentence I am the builder - Nominative, masculine, singular.
Consider closer the types of predicates.
There are three of them. The simplest in form is a simple verb predicate. It is expressed by a verb in one of the moods, consists of a single word. ( It's raining. I'd go somewhere. Run down to the store. )
The compound verb predicate (GHS) is constructed according to the formula: verb (auxiliary) + infinitive. In the role of the first most often are words that have the meaning of a phase: ( continue, start, quit ). Often auxiliary can be modal verbs: must, must , etc. ( Ivan Ivanovich was a hunter for a delicious lunch. A schoolboy should study well. It's time for you to quit smoking ).
In such sentences, the auxiliary verb is needed to convey the grammatical meaning, and the main one is to express the lexical meaning.
However, not all combinations of the infinitive and another verb are GHS. Studying the types of predicates, you need to remember: in order for the combination to be considered GHS, the auxiliary verb should not have full lexical meaning. This means that, having removed the infinitive, it will not be possible to understand what is meant in the sentence. ( I started lunch. I want to sleep ). In these examples, the underlined words have an incomplete lexical meaning, without the infinitive they lose their meaning, therefore in sentences there is a place to be GHS. Otherwise (with a significant verb) the predicate will be a simple verb, and the infinitive will be a minor member of the sentence.
In sentences with the GHS, the action of the infinitive must be subjective ( I began to learn a new dance ). Otherwise, if the verbs will refer to different words, the infinitive will become a secondary member ( I asked him to go to the store ). The word go is an addition.
On this species predicates do not end there. The most difficult of them is a compound nominal predicate (SIS). It is built according to the formula: auxiliary + main part. Moreover, the auxiliary is expressed by a linking verb intended to convey the grammatical meaning, and the main (noun, pronoun) is used to express the lexical meaning.
Some ligaments may not have their own lexical meaning, but only fix the grammatical. ( He was a geologist. He will be a geologist ).
Semi-cognitive ligaments are expressed by verbs denoting the name, occurrence, presence or development of a sign. They complement the predicate with lexical shades, and in other sentences they can play the role of an independent predicate. ( He remained undeveloped and wild. He stayed with me ).
Finally, there are significant ligaments ( I returned contented ).
The nominal parts of the ICU are expressed by nouns or other nominal parts of speech.
Types of predicates, examples of which are given above, help to diversify Russian speech, make it bright, expressive, emotional.