Everyone once heard such a word - "pronoun", but not everyone, however, remembers what it means. Meanwhile, it is familiar to the layman from the school curriculum. In order to speak correctly and beautifully, it is necessary to know not only the essence of this part of speech, but also the literary declension of personal pronouns.
What kind of beast is “pronoun”
So, the pronoun is an independent part of speech (this means that it can "live" separately from other parts, it does not depend on any word, such as a union or a preposition). Pronouns are needed to replace nouns, adjectives, numerals and adverbs. Say, if you need a text about a cat, in each sentence writing the word “cat” is ugly. And if you replace the "cat" a couple of times with the pronoun "she" - you get an already more digestible text.
Answers questions of the above parts of speech. By default, in the Russian language there are nine groups of pronouns, each of which has its own characteristics. Some distinguish one more, tenth, category - more on this below.
Types of Pronouns
So, in meaning, the following groups of pronouns exist:
- Personal pronouns.
- Reflexive pronoun (represented by the single word "self", indicates the speaker, therefore, has a reflexive meaning).
- Possessive pronouns (indicate belonging to someone or something).
- Interrogative pronouns (are interrogative words, used in interrogative sentences).
- Relative pronouns (used to relate two parts of a sentence).
- Demonstrative pronouns (indicate the characteristics of what is being said).
- Definitive pronouns (indicate signs of what is being said).
- Negative (indicate the absence of characteristics and / or signs of what is being said).
- Indefinite pronouns (indicate indefinite signs or the indeterminacy of an object of speech).
Some scholars believe that there is a tenth form - mutual pronouns. They indicate the connection of objects with each other, these are words such as “with each other”, “from end to beginning”, “time after time” and so on. More details should be given to personal pronouns.
Personal pronoun
Words from this category indicate an object (face), but do not name it. These are substitutes for nouns that answer their questions and can often be used with prepositions. These include nine words: I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they, you (polite form).
Also, before there was a form of “one”, which denoted the feminine in the plural. Now this name is considered obsolete.
Forms of personal pronouns
There are several forms by which the declension of personal pronouns occurs. These are numbers (singular and plural), persons (there are three of them), gender (it can be determined only in the pronouns he and she, which belong to the third person singular) and cases. It is worth talking more seriously about the latter form.
Personal pronouns in indirect cases: features
To correctly pronounce pronouns, you must first remember what cases are. These are different forms of the same word that answer specific questions. The most important case is the nominative. This is the initial form of the word, it answers the question "who?" or "what?". All other forms are called indirect.
Declination of personal pronouns in cases is not difficult thing. But it’s important to remember a few points. So, personal pronouns in indirect cases come from a different basis, not the same in the initial form (compare with the noun: cat - cat, the basis of the word is the same; I - me, the bases are different!). In addition, the letter “n” may be added to indirect third case pronouns (he, she, it, they), provided that they are used with a preposition. For example: “I see her,” but “I will take from her”; “I will give him”, but “I will sit with him.” One of the cases, prepositional (according to the list it is the most recent), is generally always used only with a preposition. And even answers questions with a pretext - "about whom, about what."
Personal pronouns in the accusative case look exactly the same as in the genitive. These two forms are generally similar, they even have almost the same questions: “whom?” or "what?" in the first case, and “whom?” or "what?" - in the second. Between them stands the dative case. The remaining is called instructive. In it, personal pronouns can have different forms: me, me, her, you and you and others. You need to know this so as not to get confused. By the way, the questions to which he answers: “by whom?”, “By what?”.
How to persuade: instruction
So, what is the declension of personal pronouns in cases? It is easy to remember if you know what questions a particular case answers to (this is indicated above for almost all forms, in the dative case, “who? Why?”). In addition, each of them has a so-called auxiliary word - it is intended to help more quickly find the desired form (in order: yes, no, give, see, satisfied, think about). Here is just one example from which everything will become clear: I-me-me-me-me-about me.
It is important to pay attention: in the first person singular in the prepositional case, the preposition “o” is replaced by the preposition “about” - not “about me”, but “about me”. This is another property of the Russian language: it’s more convenient to pronounce.
Declination of personal pronouns in the Russian language is an easy thing. The main thing is to remember the number of cases, what questions they answer and what words they “support” them - and then the necessary forms of pronouns are as if born and will jump out of your language! And a person who knows the norms of the literary Russian language, has a rich vocabulary, makes the most favorable impression than someone who does not know how to correctly express himself. It’s not for nothing that they say: “They are greeted by clothes, but escorted by the mind”!