From the point of view of the art of hand-to-hand combat, if a duel does not end after several blows, it is likely that the outcome of the fight will depend on the level of possession of the fighting technique, including the use of throws. This type of technique is used not only in various types of wrestling, but also in other types of martial arts: hand-to-hand combat, mixed martial arts and others. Throwing over the shoulder is one of the most dynamic and best-known judo techniques; it is a good example of the judo principle: "softness subordinates hardness."
Application of throwing technique in different types of martial arts
The throwing technique is common to many martial arts. Throws are studied not only in the judo section. Each type of struggle has its own characteristics. The most significant restrictions on the use of techniques are contained in the rules of the Greco-Roman wrestling federation. Here only captures above the belt and throws are allowed. Other types of wrestling are more diverse arsenal. Judo fighting technique includes not only a throwing technique, but also the use of painful and asphyxiating techniques. All this puts judo on a par with the most spectacular types of martial arts. This technique is an indispensable element of the training program of hand-to-hand combat of special forces. This is due to the effectiveness of its use in real combat. In addition, it is an integral part of the training program for almost all self-defense courses. But, despite the variety of techniques and methods of preparation, they are united by the unity of the principles of implementation. For example, throwing over the shoulder in freestyle wrestling will not differ much from other types of martial arts.
Advantages and disadvantages
It’s not always possible to knock down an opponent by kicking or kicking. Then the fighting technique comes to the rescue. In sports, a successful throw often brings an unconditional victory or allows the thrower to take a more advantageous position to successfully complete the bout.
It should be borne in mind that in sports wrestling, such as judo, freestyle and classic wrestling, not all types of throws are allowed.
On the other hand, the use of throwing technique has some disadvantages. Despite the fact that they are taught in self-defense courses, in a real duel on the street, throws are not mobile enough. Movements may be limited by the number and type of enemy clothing, weather conditions, the type and quality of the surface on which you have to fight.
Differences in different types of martial arts
The use of various techniques in sports is limited by the rules of the Greco-Roman wrestling federation, despite the thorough study of this section and the scientific justification for its use. The restrictions are the conditions of permissible action, the rules of competition, the use of standardized techniques, and ethical standards.
In martial arts (for example, hand-to-hand combat of special forces), the technique of fighting and throws is studied from the point of view of their use in non-standard conditions, for example, for disarming or capturing a criminal.
Necessary physical qualities
The physical qualities that provide the throw include coordination, strength, explosive strength, endurance, flexibility. They are the basis of what a wrestler can do with his body, they are affected by genetics, training, age and injuries.
Physical qualities greatly influence which methods can be used against a fighting adversary.
Explosive strength and endurance are prerequisites for mobility. Without them, the wrestler is forced to choose a slow, positional battle.
Different throws require different physical qualities. Coordination is critical for some shots, such as uchimata (knocking an opponent out of balance), while others, such as seoi nage (throwing over the shoulder), need explosive force. Protective passages require good coordination and leg strength. The strength of the hands makes many throws more effective.
Judo Throwing Classification
The standard program, which includes the entire arsenal of equipment in judo, originated in 1895. From 1920 to 1982, this complex consisted of 40 shots, divided into 5 groups, and these were all throwing techniques in the Kodokan judo program. In 1982, a group of 8 traditional judo throws, which were introduced in 1920, was recognized, and 17 new techniques were recognized as the official Kodokan judo technique.
The throwing technique (nage vase) includes:
- Tachi vase (standing throw technique).
- Sutemi vase (throwing technique, which are held with a fall).
Tachi vase, in turn, has its own classification:
- Those vases (throws that are performed mainly with the help of hands).
- Cauchy vase (throws using the hips and lower back).
- Ashi vase (throws using legs).
Features of the technique
The meaning of the technique is to stretch the opponent through the back, and then throw it over the shoulder.
The Seoi Nage (throwing over the shoulder) is one of the most striking throwing techniques in judo, and this is a great example of the gentleness philosophy inherent in this sport in that it allows even a small fighter to throw a larger opponent.
Although this technique is often performed in competitions by both men and women, regardless of their rank, it is especially common in competitions in the lightweight division, as well as in competitions in primary and junior high schools. In addition, at international competitions, this technique is seen by Japanese fighters as an effective weapon against larger foreign athletes.
Throwing
A detailed analysis of the technique allows you to learn how to make a throw over your shoulder. From its natural position, the Tory (player technique) flips the wrist, stretching the uke forward until the hand reaches eye level.
This action destabilizes the uke and allows you to transfer your center of gravity to the toes, thereby facilitating the implementation of this technique.
Tori, raising his hand, grabs the uke by the lapel, making a twisting motion to provide a stronger grip. Using both hands, the Tory spins, steps back, and pulls the uke through the back.
One embodiment of the technique is a throw over the shoulder with a hand grip, Ippon Seoi Nage. The Kodokan first recognized him in 1997. It complies with the basic principle of the shoulder throw technique - to extend the opponent onto the back and throw him or her over the shoulder. However, it differs in use due to the position of the hands controlling one side of the uke. Ippon seoi nage is included in the first group of nageno kata throws (throw technique), where it is used to protect against a blow to the head. This is a very effective throw for self-defense, since it can be performed not only by judokas, it is also quite popular in other martial arts.
Ippon seoi nage is a forward throw, so the uke momentum should direct forward. The technique works very well when the uke pushes or rushes at the opponent, especially if his hands grab or strike at the upper level against the tori. Ippon Seoi Nage is sometimes performed as soon as the Tory grabs before Uke can grab his hand. Since the free hand, when carrying out the technique, must move under the arm that holds the uke sleeve, a strong grip can complicate the work, although there are many ways to still use the throw.
Testing technology
The throwing start should be with a strong blow with the uke's leading hand. When doing kuzusha (disbalance), the opponent is pulled as close as possible, this can make him retreat when the Tory enters to perform a throw. Pulling the sleeve while unbalancing should also raise the opponent's elbow up and open it for attack. After setting the foot to start the turn, the Tory arm is placed under the uke arm until its upper arm and shoulder are in the area of the armpit of the opponent. When twisting, the knees should be bent so that the body of the thrower is lower than the uke, the legs of the Tories are located between or in front of the legs of the opponent. Further, the pulling movement continues to be performed with both hands, the uke should be completely on its back.
Then a forward tilt and foot movement are performed, at the same time the shoulders are turned, and the enemy is sent forward over the shoulder.
Implementation Recommendations
You should always start with good kuzushi, this allows you to direct the enemy forward and control his hand.
You should place the attacking arm under the armpit of the uke and rotate so that the entire upper back is in close contact with the front of the opponent’s body.
When performing the technique, the knees should be bent, which greatly facilitates the throw.
Features of physical fitness
Experts recommend an analysis of the needs of athletes before developing a physical training program for athletes of a particular sport.
The analysis should include consideration of the following issues:
- What muscle groups should be developed?
- What are the main exercises for the development of physical qualities should be studied?
- What muscle actions should be used in this sport?
- What are the main foci of injury?
At the same time, attention is drawn to the fact that all major muscle groups must be included in the strength training program for an athlete-judoka due to the diverse nature of injuries received during fights.
In some cases, with the disproportionate development of individual muscle groups, intensive work on their development to achieve balance may become mandatory.
Physical Exercise Exercises
Especially important for judokas is traction. In judo, if an athlete dominates the fight against a grab, he usually controls the course of the fight and has a higher chance of winning. Although there are tactical and strategic approaches to dominating grips, overall traction does play a role. There are many exercises that contribute to the development of the necessary qualities for this. They can be used in classes in the judo section.
Among these exercises can be used:
- Twisting the wrist.
- Reverse wrist twisting.
- Use of dumbbells with a thickened handle.
- Farmer's Walk: Using dumbbells while walking. If walking with dumbbells is not possible, you can simply keep the dumbbells in a sitting or standing position for a certain period of time to effectively enhance the grip.
- Pull-ups for judogi (judoka jacket): pull-ups using an old judogi or hanging towel. You can also just keep the hanging position for some time on straight or bent arms.
Judo requires a strong upper body. Pulling up enhances the grip, as well as the muscles of the upper body.
Special exercises for the development of finger strength allow you to strengthen the grip. Of great importance are exercises for the development of dexterity.
Squats and lunges not only strengthen your legs, but also develop muscles that help you stay upright when doing your own throws or enemy attacks.
Can throws be used for self defense?
When it comes to martial arts, self-defense, punches are considered necessary. In judo, throws, captures, painful and suffocating techniques are used, which are not so attractive or colorful for most observers. The main question is: "In a one-on-one situation with an aggressive person, can judo help defeat a bully?" Experts in this sport affirmatively answer this question. In street combat, often the fight ends in mud or concrete, where grip skills are needed. A correctly thrown can cause significant damage to the opponent. This is because most people do not know how to fall. It is difficult to imagine how someone gets up after a throw on the asphalt. Of particular importance here is how the throw will be made. If carried out quickly enough, the enemy, most likely, will not get up.