The organization of fire protection systems is considered a mandatory measure when creating conditions for the safe operation of residential, industrial, engineering and public buildings. Depending on the degree of threat and the technical parameters of the object, one or another way to implement this task is chosen. But in most cases, the installation of a fire alarm involves the installation of equipment, thanks to which the user gets the opportunity to timely alert about the threat and start the fire extinguishing process.
The principle of fire protection
An integrated system is formed of several technological modules, each of which is responsible for a certain range of tasks. The basis of the system is the control panel, to which signals from hazard-sensing devices are sent. The latter are sensors that detect the presence of smoke in the protected area and temperature fluctuations.
The detectors send a signal to the control unit, which, in turn, gives commands to the executive fire extinguishing equipment. At the same time, the installation of a fire alarm can provide for the organization of a scheme in which the fire extinguishing means themselves can simultaneously act as fire detectors. That is, in this case, time will be saved for processing the signal from the sensors on the control panel.
Differ and approaches to the notification of third-party fire fighting equipment. The same unit can control the operation of executive fire extinguishing installations and at the same time send signals to departmental security panels - fire safety services.
Communication Tools
The issue of timely notification is especially important in localizing the source of fire and starting work on its elimination. The effectiveness of the system at this stage will depend on how this function is technically implemented:
- Most often it is provided by traditional sirens, among which light and sound indicators - sirens, loudspeakers, emergency lighting, etc.
- But it can be more modern remote sirens. These include mobile communications and wireless Internet. The same control unit immediately after receiving a signal from the sensors sends several alarm messages to the addresses originally entered in its program.
- Of course, installing a fire alarm does not do without laying cable lines. Fiber optic and telephone lines are often the basic means of communication, providing speed and reliability in signal transmission.
Alarm Installation
The alarm system is formed by two components - detectors and sirens. As already mentioned, the first signals about the presence of fire are given by sensors. They can be:
- thermal;
- smoke;
- directly fixing the flame.
The main task in the installation of these devices is to correctly determine the location of the most profitable installation. Fire alarm systems are organized in such a way that control points are located near objects of increased threat. For example, over a gas stove or in the area of โโthe fireplace.
Install sensors using complete hardware. The detector itself is a small casing in which a sensing element is integrated that captures fire, smoke or heat. Fixture is carried out to walls, ceilings or profiles specially provided for installation. The installation of a fire alarm may also include the placement of sirens and loudspeakers. These devices are fixed in the upper parts of the walls so that in the process they can be heard by the responsible persons or the direct owner of the object.
Fire extinguishing equipment installation
The most common fire extinguishing systems are irrigation systems that provide automatic or manual extinguishing. In this category, two types of equipment can be distinguished - sprinkler and deluge.
The first devices are mounted on the ceiling using suitable metalware in the format and can automatically extinguish during operation. It is important to note that the sprinkler can do without sensors as signaling devices. A membrane is provided in its nozzle, which itself collapses under the influence of high temperature and fire, opening water supply channels.
Drenchers are mounted in the same way, but in the process they still assume either a signal from the control panel or manual switching on.
In both cases, the installation of a fire alarm and fire extinguishing involves the creation of a water supply network. Both the sprinkler and the deluge installation require the supply of water supply channels. Moreover, depending on fire safety requirements, it may be necessary to connect tanks with powder, foam or gas fire extinguishing agents.
Installation of smoke removal systems
The organization of a smoke removal system involves the installation of air ducts, fans, ceiling smoke exhaust valves, and in some cases, the installation of special sprayers to clean the air in the room. But it is important to take into account that the rules for installing a fire alarm require the performers also to provide the possibility of automatic locking of the mines through which air circulates. This is necessary to stop the spread of flame and hot air currents.
Conclusion
Properly organized fire extinguishing system infrastructure can minimize fire damage and prevent casualties. To ensure high system performance in the future, fire alarm installation should be carried out in accordance with the prepared project and using high-quality modern equipment.
Technical means are selected based on the long-term preservation of operational properties under conditions of direct exposure to temperature and flame. These data will depend on the nature of the hazard, sources of ignition, fire propagation channels, etc.