The mood of the verb is a very important characteristic. When morphological analysis, it is required. Also, mood affects other features of this part of speech, for example, time. Do not forget that certain spelling norms are associated with this category, which we touch on in this article. We will also consider in detail what forms of mood the verb has, we will give examples so that this constant morphological character does not cause difficulties.
What does the mood category express?
The verb gives vividness to our speech, makes it dynamic. It is not without reason that the word “verb” our ancestors the Slavs called their whole speech in principle. Sentences without these parts of speech are very rare.
One of the characteristics of the verb is its ability to express the relationship of the subject of speech to reality: an action occurs with the subject in fact or simply desirable, imagined. This characteristic is also called modality. It is she who is realized through the mood of the verb.
Thus, it is this important predicate category that contains the main meaning of the speech situation. What forms of mood does the verb have? We will give the answer right now: indicative, conditional and imperative. Each of them is called upon to report on the correspondence of the action to reality. Let us prove it.
For example, compare the sentences: I will drink tea. “I would have some tea.” - Have some tea. It is easy to guess that all three verbs in these sentences are used in different moods. And if the first of them speaks of a specific action that will happen in the future, then the other two speak either of the conditionality of the action or the incitement to action (events may not take place).
Indicative
The most common form of mood, talking about the reality of what is happening with the subject - indicative. A distinctive feature is the presence of a form of time, this indicates that the action occurred earlier or will be in the future, and maybe it is being performed at the moment.
The verb in the form of an indicative mood changes not only in tenses, but also in persons, also numbers.
This type of inclination closely adjoins the predicate type. Thus, imperfective verbs have all three temporal characteristics. Moreover, the future tense of such words is complicated, i.e. formed by adding to the verb be used in the simple future infinitive containing the main meaning.
For example: I have been preparing for the exam all day. (present) - I was preparing for the exam all day. (past tense) - I will be preparing for the exam the next day.
What forms of mood does a perfect verb have? If we talk about indicative, such predicates are presented in two tenses: past and simple future.
I prepared for the exam very well. (past time). “I will prepare for the exam very well.”
The category of indicative mood is found in all types of speech in various speech situations. Reasoning, storytelling, description, dialogue or speech to a large audience - these predicates will be the main everywhere, they are universal and emotionally neutral.
Conditional mood
The conditional mood verb indicates the action that will occur if certain conditions are met. Otherwise, it is impossible.
For example: With your help, I would cross the gorge. You yourself would cross over this small bridge. The second sentence expresses not so much the presence of a certain condition, but the desire to perform an action.
To form the form of this mood is very simple. It is enough to put the verb in the past tense and attach the particle (b): would call, would come, would conduct, would take.
The role of this formative particle is to logically highlight the necessary word. She can stand in any part of the sentence. For example, compare: Would you bring the goods today. - You would bring the goods today. Today you would bring the goods. The first sentence logically emphasizes the verb-predicate, the second on the subject, and the third on the circumstance of time.
Imperative mood
Speaking about what forms of mood the verb has, it should be said about the latter - imperative. From its name, it becomes clear that in such a predicate there is any motivation for the action of the listener. Depending on the design, grammatical and emotional, this value can range from a polite request to an order.
Please solve the problem. - Write the following example. - Get a notebook!
If there is no particle before the verb in the imperative, then such a sentence will express the undesirability of the action. For example: Do not offend animals! A request is made here so that the offending action is not carried out.
Imperative
To make a polite request, special introductory words are often attached to imperative mood verbs: please, be kind, be kind. Do not forget that these structures are separated by commas: Please, tell your name and surname.
Also, for a polite impulse to action, it is necessary to put the verb in the form of a plural person: Ekaterina Valerievna, please pass the book.
From the singular verbs, the imperative is formed by the suffix -i. He joins the basis of the present tense: bring - bring, put - put, take - take. The use of this suffix is optional: get up - get up, pour - pour.
Particular attention should be paid to the type of verb: close - close - close; but close - close - close. In the first case, verbs of an imperfect form are used, in the second - perfect.
An imperative mood may form, and with the help of particles, let them: Let the boys take away the class today.
If you want to achieve a rude order, you should form this mood using the infinitive: Lie in bed for everyone!
As a rule, in sentences with imperative verbs, the subject is absent, however, this does not apply to those in which the form is formed using let / let. Let Natasha set the table. Subject Natasha, the predicate - let it cover.
How to determine the inclination?
To distinguish which forms of mood the verb has (we gave examples of them above), you must follow the algorithm:
- Carefully read the sentence, paying particular attention to the reality or unreality of the action.
- Pay attention to the verb predicate, check whether it can in this form change from time to time.
- Pay attention to formal signs: particles would be, let, suffix -–.
However, it should be remembered that one inclination can be used in the form of another. For example, indicative in the meaning of imperative: She brought me coffee! Take a newspaper with you. Maybe the opposite situation: Take it and rush out of your hands. In this case, what forms of mood the verb has, are determined solely by the meaning of the whole sentence.