Recently, with each new legislative act adopted, the rules of the Russian language are simplified, and this simplification sometimes reaches the point of absurdity. It would seem, say whatever you want, write as you hear. However, lexical errors associated with the misuse of words, the substitution of meanings, are still striking. It is worth considering this topic in more detail and trying to improve your speech.
Vocabulary (lexicology) is a branch of the science of language aimed at studying the vocabulary of a language from various angles: changing the meaning of words, their origin, introducing borrowed words , etc.
Lexical norms mean the use of words in the right context, given their meaning; the selection of appropriate words depending on the situation in which the subject is, and so on. Violation of lexical norms is found everywhere both in written language and in oral. For a better understanding, you need to turn to practice. Consider the main lexical errors.
Examples:
- Violation of lexical compatibility
The girl gave a lot of care to her brother, who fell ill with the flu a week ago. You can only give attention, but you should talk about care using the verb.
Such lexical errors are common when people "pull out" a verb from an established phrase and use it where it is not appropriate.
A triangular pear is hanging in the gym. By its value, a pear a priori cannot be triangular.
2. The omission of the word, which may result in a loss of meaning
The nature of my sister, like my father, is inherent in some oddities. Here it should be explained, as well as the character of the father, otherwise it can be argued that the strangeness is inherent in the father. Of course, in speech such use is acceptable, however, the author in this situation had in mind just the characters.
3. Verbosity. Such a violation of lexical norms should be divided into its component parts:
- meaningless repetition of a word
Yesterday I went to the store. I bought tomatoes at the store, but when I went home from the store, I remembered that I hadn’t bought potatoes and beets. Returning to the store, I found that the store was closed.
The word "store" could be successfully replaced by the pronouns he, there, there, or various synonyms.
- tautology
They don’t like the alien here.
At first it seemed to me that a comma should be at the beginning of the sentence.
- pleonasm - the presence of unnecessary qualifying words in the text
There are many pictures in this given book.
Let's consider some more lexical errors.
4. Inappropriate use of the word of foreign origin
The confrontation between the two fighters was something fascinating, from which I could not take my eyes off. Such a duet is admirable.
The concept of a duet is applied to two participants who jointly carry out some kind of activity - singers, actors, etc. Here we are talking about rivalry.
5. Misinterpretation of paronyms and, consequently, the substitution of one word for another.
He gave a silence dinner. Obviously, the word vow should be in the sentence.
Yesterday, we went to an idle dinner together. Life can be idle, and festive dinner.
Thus, we examined common lexical errors, examples of which were considered above. Of course, this list is not exhaustive - you can recall archaisms, neologisms, antonyms, and much more, but I wanted to dwell in more detail on the popular errors that everyone has heard.
Violation of lexical norms should not become a habit, it is necessary to move away from this state of affairs. Known folk and proven method of improving speech, which requires only desire and time. Classic. Yes, exactly, read the domestic classics with its revolutions and twists, thereby minimizing lexical errors in your speech.