Waste disposal is the storage and burial of spent raw materials in special places or at special facilities. The latter include landfills, complexes, subsurface sites, structures, and so on. Their use must be authorized by the competent executive authority. Some enterprises carry out waste disposal and disposal . This activity is subject to licensing.
Storage Features
Waste disposal is a rather specific type of activity. Storage of waste material can be long or short. In the latter case, we are talking about accommodation for a period of up to 11 months. Such an activity is called accumulation. If storage is carried out for a period exceeding the specified, then they say about the storage of waste material. Waste that cannot be disposed of is disposed of. It is carried out in special storage facilities that prevent the penetration of harmful compounds into the environment.
Licensing Features
The legislation establishes the mandatory receipt of a license for waste disposal. This permission is issued for specific types of waste raw materials. The license, which was obtained before 01/01/2015, is valid until 01/01/2019. The list of waste materials that the company plans to work with is listed in the appendix to the license. Disposal of wastes not listed is considered illegal. For activities on the storage of waste material, a fee for negative impact on the environment will be charged. An exception is provided for cases of disposal of harmless waste. The absence of a negative impact on nature should be confirmed by the results of environmental monitoring.
Documents for a license
There is a standard list of papers required to obtain a permit for waste disposal. This is :
- Constituent documentation.
- Title papers on the facility, equipment and waste material.
In addition, you must provide additionally:
- Act confirming the commissioning of the landfill.
- Storage location design.
- A document confirming the nature of radiation control and a certificate with a verification mark.
- An agreement with a specialized organization on eliminating the consequences of an accident.
- Radiation control program.
- Certificate of special training for the responsible employee of the enterprise.
- The protocol drawn up as a result of public hearings held on the location of the neutralization facility.
- EIA section at the storage location.
- Positive conclusion provided by the State Ecological Expertise.
- The project of sanitary protection territory.
- The conclusion of the sanitary and epidemiological station. It must be positive.
- The project of maximum permissible emissions to the waste disposal site.
- Permission to discharge spent raw materials.
- Documents establishing the standards for the formation and limits for waste disposal .
Object Requirements
Disposal of production and consumption waste is an activity that is tightly controlled by the state. In this regard, the legislation establishes requirements for the facilities where the storage of waste raw materials takes place. The main requirements are disclosed in Article 12 of the Federal Law No. 89 and SanPiN 2.17.1322-03. The facilities at which the production and consumption waste will be disposed of must be determined on the basis of hydrological, geological and other special studies in accordance with the rules established by law. On the territories of the sites and within the boundaries of the environmental impact of raw materials, owners, persons who manage the respective facilities, should monitor the state of nature. After the completion of the use of the facilities, these entities must conduct a verification check and take measures to restore the damaged areas.
Bans
The disposal of waste materials is not allowed:
- within settlements, resorts, forests, places of treatment and rehabilitation of citizens, water protection zones, within the boundaries of catchment areas, underground facilities with water used for hosygnus and drinking;
- in locations of minerals, mining operations, if there is a risk of contamination of these areas;
- containing useful elements for recycling.
The law also prohibits the use of municipal solid waste for the restoration of quarries and land. In the process of elimination of mine workings, host and overburden rocks, ferrous metals mining materials of grade 4 and 5 can be used.
SanPiN
This document provides more requirements than the above Federal Law. Features of waste disposal, according to SanPiN, depends on their hazard class:
- 1 cl. - in containers, barrels, tanks.
- 2 cl. - in plastic bags, plastic bags.
- 3 cl. - in textile, paper, cotton bags.
- 4 cl. - embankment.
A separate section of SanPiN is devoted to the requirements directly to accommodation facilities. They are partially duplicated by the provisions of the Federal Law No. 89. The waste disposal project is formed at the stage of planning the storage site. The area of the territory is established taking into account the possibility of its operation for 25 liters. The object should be selected outside the locality, a place of recreation for citizens.
Warehousing Methods
Storage of spent raw materials can be carried out:
- Terricones.
- Terraces.
- In the pits.
- In ridges.
- In the trenches.
- In tanks.
- In the tanks.
- On the cards.
- In the drive.
- On the platforms.
Objects are entered in the register of waste disposal (GRORO). It is forbidden to store materials in places not specified in it.
Term for obtaining permission
A license for the placement of materials takes longer than for transportation and collection. If we talk about the situation when the interested person has all the necessary documents from the list above, the total time for obtaining permission will be about 5.5 months. The design includes preparation of the justification, approval by three competent authorities and two checks. However, it should be noted that the issuance of the document in practice is carried out over a longer period. If the interested party does not have SPZ projects and maximum permissible emissions, the processing will be delayed by the time of receipt of conclusions on these documents. For example, according to the last act, it is issued within 5 months. With simultaneous design, you can keep within about 6-7 months. However, in this case it will be necessary to attract additional specialists. Ecological examination and public hearings will take at least 3 months. As a result, a year and a half seems to be the most real time. At the same time, professionals involved in the design should have a clear schedule.
Draft waste disposal standards
To prevent negative impacts on nature when conducting business or other activities by citizens and legal entities, nature users set limits on permissible environmental impacts. These include education standards and waste disposal limits (NOOLR). If they are exceeded, subjects of economic and other activities are liable under the law. As a general rule, draft standards are approved for a period of up to 5 years. At the same time, annual confirmation of the invariance of the process and raw materials used by enterprises is carried out. It is carried out by drawing up a report. This document is submitted to the regional offices of Rosprirodnadzor. If the project was developed taking into account the established requirements, then it will contain standards that are most relevant to the real situation. Meanwhile, experts often make mistakes when using the calculation method. As a result, during the first year of the enterprise’s activity under the project, excesses of established standards are revealed.
Solution
Nature users are well aware of what threatens them with the lack of standards. In the process of calculating the quarterly payment for a negative impact on nature, the amount will be significantly increased. This is due to the fact that in case of exceeding the limits, the legislation establishes increasing waste disposal factors. 2016 was especially indicative in terms of holding environmental users accountable in this way. It is worth noting another important nuance associated with the calculations. Increasing ratios for waste disposal are also applied when the NOOLR plan was developed in accordance with the requirements, the necessary indicators were set, but in the current period more waste material was generated and stored than was determined by the documents.
Terminology
The limit on the placement of waste raw materials is the maximum allowable amount of waste of a certain type that can be stored in a specific way for a specified period in specialized facilities. When calculating it, the environmental situation in the territory is taken into account. The standard for waste generation is the established amount of waste material of a certain type when producing a unit of production.
Concretization of concepts
The placement limit, taking into account the above information, represents the maximum amount of waste that an enterprise has the right to accumulate for subsequent transfer to a licensed site for long-term storage or disposal. It is determined in accordance with the capacity of the drives and the storage deadline before transportation to the place of disposal. However, this approach to the definition of a rather vague concept is far from the only one. According to another opinion, it is believed that the term refers only to the storage / disposal of waste material at special facilities and does not include the concept of storage in the enterprise. Specification of the definitions can be found in the Procedure, approved by order of the Ministry of Natural Resources No. 50 of 2010. It, in particular, indicates that the standards for the formation of waste raw materials are used to establish their expected amount, taking into account the planned indicators of the volume of products, work performed or services provided. The same Procedure also established that the rules for the development and approval of the NOOLR reinforce the requirements for the preparation and submission of documentation to determine the maximum allowable quantities of materials of a particular type sent to appropriate facilities, taking into account the environmental situation on the ground. This definition is identical to the wording enshrined in the Federal Law No. 89. In accordance with this, the plan of standards sets exclusively a limit on disposal, but not indicators of waste generation. Violation of the declared parameters is equated by the control authorities with an administrative offense. Accordingly, liability occurs in accordance with the Code of Administrative Offenses.