A sentence is the most significant unit in one of the sections of linguistics - syntax. Syntax scientists divide all sentences into two types - a complex and simple sentence. In difficult - at least two grammatical bases are established. For example: Golden autumn came, and the whole park was dotted with colorful leaves. Where the first grammatical basis - autumn has come, and the second - the leaves dotted.
A simple sentence is a type of sentence in which there is no more than one grammatical basis. For example: In a thick milky fog, someone's obscure dark silhouette looms. The grammatical basis here will be - a silhouette looms - one. From the foregoing, we can conclude that a simple sentence differs from a complex sentence in the number of predicative centers.
The predicative center of a sentence or its grammatical basis is called the subject and the predicate. The subject is one of the main members of the sentence, which contains the meaning of what the author is talking about. It can only answer questions - what? or who? refers to a subject who performs an action or object that is also subject to some process. More often than other parts of speech, the function of the subject is taken by nouns or pronouns. The other main member of the sentence is the predicate. He has questions - what to do? who is doing? (for a verb - in any specific, temporary forms and moods, including in an indefinite form). A predicate denotes an action, a process, expresses the state or sign of an object, subject - subject. The most familiar role of the predicate is the verb. Although often the same role is played by adjectives, especially those standing in short form.
A simple sentence is classified according to the following points:
- Depending on the purpose for which it is expressed, it can be narrative, incentive or interrogative.
- The type of exclamation or non-exclamation sentence depends on the intonation with which it is pronounced.
- The two-part or one-part sentence depends on the number of main members (two-part - has both subject and predicate, one-part - respectively, only one of the main members).
- A simple sentence may be complete or incomplete. Complete is the sentence in which all the components necessary for logical completeness are present. And in incomplete - there is not enough of any member (this can be both the main and secondary member of the proposal). Although the missed unit of speech is easily guessed from the context.
- By the presence of minor members (definition, addition, and circumstance), common and non-common types of simple sentences are distinguished. We say that the sentence is widespread, which contains secondary members (including, of course, the main ones), and non-widespread is where they are absent (which means that there is only a predicative center).
- The presence (or absence) of various designs determines whether the proposal will be complicated or not. In a complicated sentence, one can always distinguish all kinds of introductory inserts, separate applications, definitions (agreed and inconsistent); appeals to someone, speech turns, explaining and clarifying words, phraseological combinations. And vice versa, in uncomplicated - we will not find such plug-in structures .
A simple sentence: an example of analysis.
Everywhere, on bushes and trees, young green leaves blossom.
A simple sentence, narrative, non-exclamatory, two-part, complete, widespread, complicated.