Gas equipment requires the right choice and installation, which must comply with accepted standards. In this case, it will work correctly. To choose the optimal type of such devices, it is necessary to consider the classification of gas burners. There are several basic characteristics that distinguish this equipment. Types of gas burners will be discussed later.
The advantages of gas equipment
Considering the characteristics and classification of gas burners, it should be noted that such equipment is very popular today. This is due to the mass of benefits. Gas is one of the available fuels for the population. Its cost remains acceptable to most consumers. If a gas main passes near the dwelling, it is impractical to use other types of energy for domestic needs.
There are many types of gas burners. They are used in various fields of human activity. You can choose a device that will optimally match existing operating conditions. The power of the unit may be different.
To choose the best option, you need to consider in detail the classification and characteristics of the burners. Their device is quite simple. This makes the equipment presented reliable during operation. By this indicator, gas appliances are an order of magnitude superior to liquid fuel warmers.
Modern equipment of the presented type is produced using innovative technologies. Their work is automated. This ensures high comfort during operation of the burner, no malfunctions and malfunctions. This significantly increases the safety of equipment operation.
Burner features
To choose the right type of equipment, it is necessary to consider the general purpose of gas burners. Classification allows you to distinguish several groups among the entire variety of equipment. A gas burner is a device that mixes oxygen and gas, and then delivers this mixture to the outlet opening. When ignited, a stable torch is formed.
How are gas burners for boilers arranged ? The fuel mixture is piped under pressure. Air and oxygen are combined into a single substance in a special device. When it leaves the system, the fuel mixture ignites. A constant, steady flame is formed. Such equipment is used for domestic and industrial purposes. It is installed in various boilers.
Today, two main types of burners are on sale. They are divided according to the principle of preparation of a fuel composition. There are atmospheric and inflatable devices. The first type of burner is also called injection. Inflatable species can be called ventilation.
Injection varieties are almost always part of the heating unit. They come with it in the kit, are included in the price of the boiler. Inflatable torches are sold separately. They are more efficient, as the air in the structure is carried out using a fan.
Gas burner systems perform 4 functions. They mix gas with air in the correct proportion, and then feed them to the combustion front. Another important function of the device is the stabilization of the ignited torch. It should not deviate from the set level. The burner provides the necessary intensity of heat generation. Therefore, the choice must be made, focusing on the needs for power equipment.
The main differences
The classification of gas boilers and burners is carried out according to various criteria. Such equipment varies in power. For this, the operation features of the burner are taken into account. The larger the volume to be heated, the more powerful the burner will be.
Gas equipment differs in the way of mixing air and fuel. The efficiency indicator of equipment depends on this. Supercharged models are more efficient. They have a higher level of efficiency.
In different models, the flow of the mixture varies. Therefore, before buying, you need to familiarize yourself with the main operating characteristics of the device.
Burners are made of different materials. Most often these are alloys or metals. They must be of appropriate quality.
It is also possible to make certain changes to the design of many burners, which must comply with the manufacturer's instructions. They are carried out with the help of accessories for adjustment. When buying, they pay attention. The choice must be made in accordance with personal preferences. Adjustment should be comfortable.
Main varieties
There is a classification of gas burners for their intended purpose. They are divided into two groups. It can be special or universal devices. The first category includes burners that can only be used in boilers of a certain design. For other furnaces, this equipment is not suitable. Universal burners have a wide range of applications. They are mounted on most modern designs of furnaces and boilers.
According to the method of creating a fuel mixture, three categories of burners are distinguished. In addition to gas, oxygen is necessarily present in the fuel mixture. Equipment can mix these ingredients in different ways. There are blast, injection and diffuse burners. The first category includes equipment in which air is supplied by the discharge method. In injection burners, air is drawn in by suction to create a fuel mixture. Diffuse structures are characterized by a natural influx of air that comes from the environment.
In such equipment, gas can be supplied in thin streams, flow at a certain angle to the air flow. Also, in some designs, the technology of separating fuel into many small flows or twisting them is used.
Other classifications
Considering the types and operation of gas burners for boilers, other classifications should be highlighted. The equipment presented may differ in terms of the calorific value of the fuel that is burned in the unit.
The first group on this basis includes high-calorie burners. Their calorific value is maximum. Such equipment generates a lot of energy, allowing you to heat large volumes. The minimum calorific value of fuel in such equipment is 20 MJ / m³. The presented category of equipment is designed to operate on natural gas or associated products of petroleum gaseous substances.
The second group includes medium-calorie burners. They are intended for coconut gas or its analogues. The calorific value in this equipment is 8-20 MJ / m³.
Low-calorie burners include appliances whose heat of combustion of fuel does not exceed 8 MJ / m³. They are used in the combustion of blast furnace or generator gas.
In addition, the equipment is characterized by excess pressure. It can be low, medium and high. The latter option is quite rare. The overpressure of such units is more than 30 kPa. Much more often burners of medium and low pressure are used. They are suitable for high calorie gases. The overpressure of medium burners is 5-30 kPa. Low pressure devices are characterized by this indicator, which is at a level of less than 5 kPa.
Flame localization
Considering the classification and design of gas burners, it is necessary to note one more principle of equipment difference. Such devices may have different flame locations. Fire can form in a free torch. In some designs, the flame is localized in a granular, porous or perforated mass. This material is not subject to burning.
Flame localization can also be observed in a special tunnel or combustion chamber made of refractory material. Burner designs exist in which fire appears directly on the refractory surface.
The scope of the equipment is determined depending on the type of such a device. So, burners in which a flame is formed in a refractory tunnel and a free torch are installed in boilers for coolants (water, special fluids based on antifreeze, air, etc.).
If the device burns gas in a porous mass or on the surface of refractory material, they are installed in other types of heaters. The principle of their operation is based on infrared radiation for heating.
Knowing the existing classifications, you can correctly choose the type of equipment for a particular boiler. In this case, the operating conditions of the heater are taken into account. A correctly selected burner will work for many years without requiring repair or replacement.
Burner requirements
Existing classifications of gas burners for heating boilers allow you to choose the right equipment. You must also know the basic requirements that are put forward for such products. You can purchase a burner only if the product has the appropriate certificate. Their main types are manufactured in series, they must comply with existing standards.
Gas in them must be passed in a certain amount. It must be completely burned. The air flow coefficient of most types of burners is minimal. During operation, the equipment must ensure the amount of emissions at the minimum acceptable level.
Considering the classification of burners and the basic requirements for such a technique, it should be noted that the noise level during operation should not exceed 85 dB. The flame should not slip, tearing is also unacceptable.
If the system works on the principle of complete preliminary mixing, the feed rate of the mixture must exceed the speed of propagation of the flame. Also worth paying attention to the design. It should be simple. This allows you to perform an audit or repair if necessary.
Diffuse burners
Having studied the classification of gas burners for boilers, we can distinguish the main three groups of equipment presented. One of the popular types is a diffuse type product. In this device, air enters to mix with the gas from the environment. This process is ensured by diffusion.
In household appliances, diffuse burners are often installed. This type of equipment allows you to distribute the flame over a significant surface. Air does not enter the burner housing. It mixes with gas outside the equipment. Therefore, the second name for the diffuse species is the “external mixing burner”.
A simple design consists of a pipe in which holes are drilled at a certain distance. The thermal power of this design is small. Diffuse burners are designed to burn natural gas. They are installed in small water heaters that are used in everyday life. More complex designs are used in the industrial heating process.
Injection burners
In the classification of gas burners, an important place belongs to injection varieties. The gas-air mixture is formed in this case under the influence of a jet of fuel. The main element of the design is the injector. It draws air from the environment.
The main structural elements are the nozzle, the primary air regulator, as well as the manifold and mixer. Each of these elements performs a specific function. So, a nozzle is needed to convert potential energy into kinetic. The regulator controls the amount of primary air that is supplied to the burner.
Air suction and vacuum creates an injector. The confuser is the narrowest part of the mixer. It serves to level the jet of the mixture. The final mixing of its ingredients takes place in a diffuser. By reducing the speed increases its pressure.
The collector distributes the mixture over all openings of the system. The shape of this part and the distance between the holes depend on the purpose of the equipment.
Blower burners
In the classification of gas burners, the most economical are blower designs. They are distinguished by the ability to smoothly adjust the power level. This allows you to increase efficiency. Gas in this case is consumed more rationally. Such equipment works quite noisily, but for consumers, one of the main requirements is the efficiency of the burner. Therefore, it is blast species that are most popular today.
There are three types of blast burners. In the first group, full preliminary mixing of gas and air is used. The second type of blast burner has partial pre-mixing. The third category is equipment without premixing.
Having considered the classification of gas burners, you can choose the optimal type of equipment for your needs.