A transaction is a free act of an individual citizen or legal entity with other parties that are aimed at establishing, terminating or changing civil duties or rights.
The main terms of the transaction are as follows . A transaction is considered to be completed for types of real estate transactions or, for example, types of transactions with securities, if the termination of rights and obligations is made by the parties depending on circumstances, the occurrence of which is temporarily in doubt. In case of the occurrence of conditions of unfair obstruction from one of the parties, the transaction is considered to be completed.
Transactions can be made orally and in writing (simple or notarized).
Real estate transactions. These types of transactions include transactions of lease, sale, inheritance, gift, rent, etc. State registration of rights to real estate property and types of transactions with it are a legal act recognizing the occurrence, transfer to another person or termination of property rights under the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. State registration is actually the only type of evidence of registered law. Such a right can only be challenged through a court of law.
By the way of expressing the will, the types of transactions are divided into: transactions of direct expression of will (verbally and in writing : agreement, exchange of letters, etc.); indirect expression of will (when actions are taken from a person who intends to conclude a transaction that indicates his intentions to complete it: paying for transportation, placing goods on the counter, etc.); expression of will in silence.
By the number of participants, types of transactions are unilateral, 2-sided and multilateral (according to the number of persons expressing will). Such contracts can be classified on the basis of retribution, which is their most complete description. Reimbursable agreements are transactions in which a party may receive a counter-provision for the performance of its duties. Accordingly, gratuitous transactions are called so if the party does not receive a counter-provision for the performance of obligations under it.
At the time of occurrence, types of transactions are distinguished real (occur after the transfer of things, money or other actions by one of the participants) and consensual (for their completion it is enough to reach an agreement on the transaction).
By the value of the basis, types of transactions can be causal (on a certain basis) and abstract (when the basis is recognized as legally indifferent).
According to the term of fulfillment of obligations, types of transactions distinguish between urgent and perpetual. In perpetuity, the moment of its entry into force and the moment of its termination is not determined. Urgent transactions are those in which these items are indicated. Moreover, compliance with the deadline is their prerequisite.
In addition, they distinguish exchange ones (made on the exchange with goods) and fiduciary ones (they have a trusting nature).
Types of transactions of an invalid nature . Such transactions mean that all actions that were performed in the form of a transaction do not have visible qualities of a legal fact that could give rise to certain legal consequences. The types of transactions that are not valid are disputed transactions (as recognized by the court) and void transactions (regardless of judicial recognition),
Invalid transactions include the following: non-compliant with the law, committed for purposes contrary to law and order; committed with irregularities; not corresponding to the real will of all parties; committed in a state of error; feigned transactions concluded for purposes other than those specified in the contract; concluded by incompetent parties; committed by persons on the verge of bankruptcy; committed outside the competence of legal entities, etc. Transactions that have been concluded by minors (minors, under 14 years old) are recognized as null and void.