To whom does the poet dedicate his creations? Beloved or beloved, friends, parents, childhood and youth, events from the past, teachers, the universe ... And it is difficult to find a poet who would completely go around his homeland in his work. Love and hatred of her, feelings, thoughts, observations are reflected in poems. The theme of the Motherland is also developed in the work of Tsvetaeva. Let's look at her originality in the poems of the poet of the Silver Age.
Keynote
Marina Tsvetaeva, who spent a considerable part of her life in exile, is rightly considered a Russian poetess. And this is no accident. Many researchers confirm that the work of this witness of the terrible changes in Russian history is a chronicle of not only love, but also the homeland of the beginning of the XX century.
We can definitely say that Marina Tsvetaeva loves Russia. She passes through herself all the disturbing, ambiguous events, analyzes them in her work, tries to develop a clear attitude towards them. Including delving into a long history ("Stenka Razin").
The theme of the White Guard is also alive in her work. Marina Ivanovna did not accept the revolution; she was horrified by the Civil War.
Russia
Speaking about the theme of the Motherland in the work of Tsvetaeva, we note that in her works there is a strong feminine beginning. For her, Russia is a woman, proud and strong. But always a sacrifice. Tsvetaeva herself, even in exile, always herself a part of a great country, was her singer.
Biographers admire the independence, strong and proud spirit of Marina Tsvetaeva. And her steadfastness and courage were scooped precisely in ardent and enduring love for the Fatherland. Therefore, the theme of the Motherland in Tsvetaeva’s poetry is rightfully considered one of the leading ones.
It is amazing how emotionally powerful the poetess has written about the Motherland! Nostalgic, tragic, hopeless and painfully dreary. But, for example, “Poems about the Czech Republic” is her declaration of love for Russia, her people.
Childhood
The brightest, most joyful notes in Tsvetaeva’s verses about the Motherland appear when she writes about her childhood spent in Tarusa on the Oka. The poetess with tender sadness returns there in her work - to Russia of the past century, which cannot be returned.
Here Tsvetaevskaya Russia is boundless open spaces, amazing beauty of nature, sense of security, freedom, flight. Holy land with courageous and strong people.
Emigration
I must say that the reason for the emigration of Tsvetaeva was not her ideological considerations. The circumstances served as a departure - she followed her husband, a white officer. From the biography of the poet, it is known that she lived in Paris for 14 years. But the sparkling city of dreams did not captivate her heart - and the theme of the Motherland in Tsvetaeva’s work is still alive in emigration: "I am here alone ... And Rostan’s verse cries in his heart, as it was in abandoned Moscow."
At 17, she wrote the first poem about Paris. Bright and joyful, he seemed to her dreary, big and depraved. "In a big and joyful Paris, I dream of grass, clouds ..."
Keeping the image of the dear Motherland in her heart, she always secretly hoped for a return. Tsvetaeva never harbored resentment against Russia, where her work, a truly Russian poetess, was not accepted, is unknown. If we analyze all her works in exile, we will see that the Motherland is the fateful and inevitable pain of Tsvetaeva, but one with which she reconciled.
Return. Moscow
In 1939, Tsvetaeva returned to Stalin's Moscow. As she writes herself, she was driven by the desire to give her son her homeland. I must say that from birth she tried to instill in George love for Russia, to convey to him a piece of her strong, bright feeling. Marina Ivanovna was sure that the Russian people could not be happy away from their homeland, so she wanted her son to love and accept such an ambiguous Fatherland. But is she glad to be back?
The theme of the Motherland in the works of Tsvetaeva of this period is most acute. Returning to Moscow, she did not return to Russia. In the courtyard of a strange Stalin era with denunciations boarded up by shutters, general fear and suspicion. Marina Tsvetaeva hard, stuffy in Moscow. In creativity, she seeks to escape from here to the bright past. But at the same time, the poetess extols the spirit of her people, which went through terrible trials and did not break. And she feels herself part of him.
Tsvetaeva loves the capital of the past: "Moscow! What a huge strange house!" Here she sees the city as the heart of a great power, the repository of her spiritual values. She believes that Moscow will spiritually cleanse any wanderer and sinner. “Where it will be joyful for me to be dead,” says Tsvetaeva about the capital. Moscow makes her trembling in her heart; for a poetess, she is always a young city, which she loves as a sister, a true friend.
But we can say that it was the return to Moscow that ruined Marina Tsvetaeva. She could not accept reality, disappointments plunged her into a severe depression. And then - deep loneliness, incomprehensibility. Having lived two years in her homeland after the long-awaited return, she voluntarily passed away. “I could not bear it,” as the poetess herself wrote in a suicide note.
Poems by Tsvetaeva about the Motherland
Let's see what M. Tsvetaeva devoted her glorious works to Russia:
- "Homeland".
- "Stenka Razin".
- "People".
- "Wires."
- "Homesickness".
- "The country".
- "Swan camp."
- "Don".
- "Poems about the Czech Republic."
- The cycle "Poems about Moscow" and so on.
Poem Analysis
Let us take a look at the development of the theme of Russia in one of Marina Tsvetaeva’s significant poems, "Homesickness." After reading the work, we immediately determine that this is the reasoning of a person who is far from his beloved country. Indeed, the poem was written by Marina Ivanovna in exile.
The lyrical heroine of the work copies the poetess herself with amazing accuracy. She tries to convince herself that when a person is ill, there is no difference where he lives. The unlucky will not find happiness anywhere.
After re-reading the poem, we notice the Hamlet question in the paraphrase "To be or not to be?" Tsvetaeva has his own interpretation. When a person lives, there is a difference where he is, and when he exists, suffering, no.
"... just the same -
Where completely lonely
To be..."
She bitterly claims that all the feelings in her soul have burned out, it remains only to humbly carry her cross. After all, wherever a person is far from his homeland, he will be in a cold and endless desert. The key phrases are terrible: "I do not care", "I do not care."
The heroine tries to assure herself that she is indifferent to the place where her soul was born. But at the same time, she says that her real home is the barracks. Tsvetaeva also touches on the topic of loneliness: she cannot find herself either among people or in the lap of nature.
At the conclusion of her story, she bitterly claims that she had nothing left. In emigration, everything is alien to her. But still:
"... if there is a bush along the way
Gets up, especially the mountain ash ... "
The poem ends at the ellipsis. After all, the most severe yearning for the Fatherland cannot be expressed to the end.
The theme of the Motherland in the work of Tsvetaeva is tragic. She suffocates away from her, but also hard in modern Russia. Bright sadness, touching notes can be traced in her poems only when the poetess recalls her childhood, about past Russia, Moscow, which cannot be returned.