Russian language is a complex discipline. To correctly spell a word, a person must be able to disassemble it according to its composition, determine the strong and weak positions of sounds, quickly recall test tokens. In this case, you should know by heart the numerous exceptions to the rules. Often the spelling of a word depends on part of the speech. For example, not everyone knows how to distinguish an excuse from a prefix, and make numerous mistakes.
What is a preposition?
In Russian, an independent word and its significant part may sound the same. The continuous writing of prepositions is a common mistake made by schoolchildren. Indeed, this part of speech is easily confused with the prefix. For example, in the words "behind water - backwater", "under water - submariner". To avoid mistakes, recall the definitions.
Prepositions are auxiliary parts of speech that are used to link syntactic units in a phrase or sentence. They do not change; their correct spelling should be memorized. The meaning of the preposition depends on the context. It could be:
- time ( before breakfast, in winter );
- place ( on the highway, in the forest );
- reason ( due to circumstances due to frost );
- purpose ( in search of truth, for mom );
- circumstances, relationships ( think of a friend, miss my wife ).
Prepositions are not members of a sentence and are written separately with other words.
Prefix: Definition
It so happened historically that over time, some prepositions began to be used to supplement or change the meaning of independent parts of speech. They turned into a significant part of the word facing the root, and received the name "prefix". If the preposition connects the words in the phrase, then with the help of the prefix the lexical and grammatical meaning of the source lexemes is changed. For example: a window - a windowsill (indicating the location) , flew - flew in (approach + completion of the action) .
Unlike prepositions, prefixes are written together with the word. However, they can have the same sound and similar meaning ( on ice - ice, tasteless - tasteless ). This creates a lot of problems, leads to the continuous writing of prepositions and separate - prefixes. Let's talk about how to avoid such mistakes.
We determine the part of speech
How to distinguish an excuse from a prefix? The first thing required for this is the ability to identify parts of speech. Prepositions can stand in front of nouns ( at the table, by the road ), pronouns ( near you, instead of it ) and numerals ( four pencils each ). You will never meet them in front of verbs, adverbs, verbal participles, as well as official parts of speech. Therefore, when writing the words “fly off”, “get off”, “do” you can be sure that these are verbs with the prefix “c”. It should be written together.
A special case is the adjectives and pronouns, which sometimes appear between the noun and the preposition ( in our house, near the red car ). In such cases, mistakes are rarely made. But still there is the possibility of confusing the preposition relating to the noun with the prefix of the name of the adjective ( without life experience, lifeless look ). How to be If we are talking about a preposition, then the adjective can be omitted without losing the meaning of the sentence ( without experience ). Otherwise, we are dealing with a prefix.
Differentiation methods
How to distinguish a preposition from a prefix when it comes to nouns and pronouns? Consider several ways:
- You can insert another word between the preposition and the token ( along the waves - along the blue waves ). In the case of the prefix, this can not be done ( flight, plantain ). This is the way to be studied at school. However, not all children in the elementary grades are able to quickly find a suitable definition. To facilitate the task, teach them to insert into the pronoun gap ( about mom - about our mom, outside the window - outside my window ).
- Put the noun or pronoun in the initial form (nominative). For example, (by) the road - WHAT? road. There is no word “sublimation,” meaning “by” is an excuse . Bowed down - WHAT? bow. There is such a word, means "by" - the prefix .
- Ask a question by the way. An excuse will be present in it: under what? - under the bench. The prefix will not be included in the question: satisfied with what? trip.
Action algorithm
So to summarize. What to do when you doubt writing prepositions or prefixes? Follow our instructions.
- Determine what part of the speech the dubious word is. If it is a verb, dialect, participle or union, then there can be no prepositions in front of them. You are dealing with a prefix, which is written together ( ran in, thoughtfully, flown in, as a result ).
- When in doubt about writing an adjective, try omitting it. If this succeeds (the playground at the schoolyard - the playground at the yard ), then we have an excuse. If not - the prefix, which is written together (the school site - you can not say "at the site" ).
- If you are talking about a pronoun or noun, use the three methods of distinguishing prepositions and prefixes described above.
How to distinguish an excuse from a prefix? It is not difficult to do this if you use the proposed algorithm. For training, take an interesting text and practice on it. The main thing is to develop the skill to automatism, so that reflections do not take you much time.