Such a phenomenon as borrowed words, that is, words that have passed from one language to another and adapted to its phonetic and grammatical laws, is a completely natural process.
There are languages in which there are a lot of borrowings. These include, for example, the Korean language, it has a lot of Chinese words. In turn, the Chinese, Hungarian languages strive by their means to form new words and concepts. But there is no language in which borrowed words do not exist at all, since it is impossible to artificially isolate one nation from another, interrupting socio-political relations, cultural communication, and economic and trade cooperation.
In an era when the Iron Curtain separated two different socio-political systems, borrowed words in English appear from Russian in connection with space exploration. After the launch of an artificial earth satellite, every European understood the Russian word "satellite". And during the period of M. Gorbachev’s activity, it was not necessary to translate the word perestroika as reconstruction — it was understandable in its original sound.
Let us dwell on lexical borrowings. They penetrate the language mainly in two ways: oral and book.
Borrowed words of German origin: skimmer (Schaumloffel), jack (daumcraft), clamp (Schraubzving) and many others appeared in Russian along with the appearance of the first German settlements. There was a communication between the two peoples, and the words were transmitted “word of mouth”. Moreover, the reproduction was not always accurate, and the sound of the word changed. So in the Russian vocabulary appeared foreign words, penetrated orally.
Sometimes borrowing is “double,” that is, in the form of synonyms. The word "tomato" in the Russian language came from Latin America. In Italian, this garden crop is called pomodoro, which means "golden apple." Both borrowed words are used in Russian as synonyms.
Many borrowed words included in a particular language by book, by their etymology are Greek or Latin. Using the words "progress", "gymnasium", "constitution", "democracy", we no longer think about their origin. No wonder there is such a linguistic joke: "You speak Greek. You just don't know that!"
Another way of borrowing foreign words is tracing paper. Unlike the previous direct method of borrowing, this one is indirect and represents an exact copy of a foreign word by morphemes (that is, significant parts). For example: skyscraper (English) - a skyscraper (sky - “sky” + scrape - “scrape”), polysemy - tracing paper from Greek - polysemy (poly - “many” + seme - “meaning”).
A linguistic term such as case is tracing paper from Latin. But unlike the previously given word-forming cripples, this tracing paper is semantic, that is, associated with the meaning of the word. Kasus (lat. Case) - formed from the verb cadent - to fall). Ancient grammar experts defined the case change in the form of the word as "falling away" from the main one.
If the 20th century is the century of space exploration, then the 21st century is the era of virtual space exploration. An amazing leap in the development of computer technology has contributed to the appearance of English-language words in all languages of the world.
Words borrowed from the English language go through a process of peculiar adaptation to the Russian language. Keeping semantics, they mutate phonetically and grammatically.
If you take a word like "microsoft", then it represents a direct borrowing. And the word "melkosoft" is an incomplete ironic tracing-paper.
The verbs "use" (use-use), "chat" (chat-chat), "click" (click-click) acquire the forms of Russian infinitive. It is appropriate to talk about the appearance of slang. But this is another linguistic phenomenon.
It should be noted that there is a difference between foreign words and borrowings. For example, in modern Romanian there is the word "security" - security, but despite this, English security is often used in everyday life without grammatical changes. In fact, a foreign word is inserted into the speech, which is not a loan.