Russian language is one of the most difficult in the world. A rich lexical foundation, a complex morphological system and syntax - all this greatly complicates the life of people studying it. Quite a lot of material is devoted to the vocabulary and phraseology of the language, so let's pay a little attention to such categories as a common noun and common noun, as well as such a category as the gender of nouns.
In Russian, there are two large groups - proper and common names.
So, let's start with a simpler one. Let's look at a common noun. Almost all nouns that designate objects and concepts belong to this class. They do not exist in one instance, there are many of them. For example, a cup, chair, door, sky. These concepts only indicate some objects.
As for the second group, here include nouns that designate certain concepts and objects that exist in one instance. This can be the names of people, various nicknames of animals, as well as the names of newspapers, magazines, various astronomical, geographical realities. If a common noun is always written with a small letter, then a proper noun with a capital one. It is also worth noting that, unlike common nouns, a proper name is used only in the singular. This is one of the golden rules of the Russian language.
A science such as onomastics is engaged in the study of proper names. It is she who distinguishes classes and subclasses of proper names, describes their functions in Russian.
It is worth noting that the common noun can go into a proper noun . For example, the newspaper "Star", the store "Berry". At the same time, any proper noun can go into a common noun. For example, the physical value of volts took its name from the name of the famous physicist Volta, and it happened with the names of weapons, such as Colt, Maxim, Mauser, which came from the names of the people who invented them.
Another important thing is the gender of nouns. Usually nouns are divided into three groups: feminine (shovel, woman, pan), masculine (horse, table, neighbor) and middle (sea, sky, sun) gender. Also distinguish another group of nouns that belong to a special common gender. This includes those words that serve to name persons of both feminine and masculine gender. For example, crybaby, orphan, touchy.
The gender of nouns is determined only in the singular. It is worth noting that nouns that do not have a singular do not have categories of the gender. This is very important to remember, especially for students.
It is also worth noting that the gender of nouns is determined by the end or by the rules, if these are words of foreign origin.
The ability to distinguish a common noun from a proper noun, to determine its gender is one of the most important in the Russian language. Only a competent person who knows the rules of the Russian language will be able to correctly draw up documents, express themselves beautifully and clearly, avoiding offensive and stupid mistakes, such as “black coffee”.