Designing factories is, of course, very important. A responsible approach to it will guarantee a rapid growth of production in the future and, as a consequence, its profitability. Of course, the design process of an industrial enterprise requires the involvement of specialists from various fields of activity. At the same time, such a procedure is carried out in several stages, according to a clear plan.
Design Standards
At any modern enterprise, of course, first of all, conditions must be created for the most efficient implementation of the technological process. It is this task that is considered a priority when designing a plant. Also, when performing such work, engineers must take into account the comfort of future personnel and their safety.
To observe in our country, for example, the following plant design standards are relied on:
workshops of the enterprise should, if possible, have a strictly rectangular shape in plan;
spans should be constructed in such a way that inside them it would be possible to place all the necessary equipment in the most optimal way;
it is best if the roof of the plant is simple - single or double.
In addition to the basic norms, design organizations should be guided by recommendations and technical instructions issued by industry research organizations and institutes.
Town Planning Code: building permit
Of course, the design of any industrial facility, first of all, should be coordinated in the relevant authorities. Such permission may be issued on the basis of the provisions of several documents.
For example, it regulates the construction of various facilities, including industrial ones, in our country, the Town Planning Code. Permission to build an industrial enterprise, according to the laws in force in our country, is possible only after:
The agreement on the construction of industrial facilities, customers usually entrust the same company that performs the design. In addition to the project itself, the following documents will most likely be required to obtain permission:
note with explanations;
the layout of the workshops, developed taking into account the conditions of the urban development plan;
materials on the organization of fire and environmental safety, agreed with the relevant departments.
After the construction of the industrial facility is completed, the local government is also expected to obtain permission to put it into operation.
Design stages
The basis for starting such work may be:
Such work is being carried out by licensed companies of industrial civil engineering, of course, according to a clearly developed plan. For enterprises of different sectors of the economy there are design nuances. But in most cases, this work involves two main stages:
Predesign preparation. The essence of the process
At this stage of the plant design, a feasibility study is carried out on the feasibility of its construction (feasibility study). For this purpose, specialists carry out work on the collection and preparation of source data. Also, this stage in most cases includes such a procedure as drawing up the design contract itself. This document subsequently governs all financial and legal relations between the customer and the developer.
What design includes
After the contract between the parties is drawn up, the specialists of the design organization proceed with the following procedures:
At the final stage, the approval of the finished design documentation of the plant is made after passing all the necessary examinations.
Development of a plan by stages
At this stage, all planning activities for the future enterprise are carried out taking into account its specifics. But in any case, one and two-stage design of plants is distinguished. When using the first methodology, general techno-working planning is performed. The second technology involves the phased compilation of:
working draft.
technical project;
This planning procedure is usually used when it is necessary to build large enterprises with complex technological processes.
What is a technical project
At the first stage of plant planning, specialists usually conduct research in order to identify the feasibility and feasibility of its construction at this particular place. Further engineers:
choose the actual site for construction with its justification;
provide the right choice of sources for construction (raw materials, fuel, water, energy);
develop a rationale for the production method;
develop methods for the construction of designed objects and calculate production capacities;
calculate the cost of construction.
Working draft
This document is a space-planning solution, on the basis of which the contractors subsequently directly carry out the development and equipment of the plant. Work projects consist of both text and graphic documents. In any case, such a document should be drawn up in such a way that:
the contractor received clear instructions for his actions;
the customer received an optimal construction solution, which saves money.
With a correctly drafted working draft, the possibility of errors in the process of construction and equipping of production facilities is eliminated. In most cases, such a document includes:
approving part with a list of technical and economic indicators and characteristics of the object;
architectural projects of workshops;
working documentation - a set of drawings and text documents required for construction.
Possible design cost
The price of this kind of work can, of course, be different. The cost of designing factories depends on their specialization, planned capacities, degree of equipment and other things.
For example, the prices for the preparation of the necessary documentation for the construction of a workshop with an area of 1000 m2 can be as follows:
preparation of an explanatory note for obtaining permission - about 15 thousand rubles;
land planning - 60 thousand;
architectural solutions - 95 thousand rubles;
design solutions - 100 thousand rubles;
engineering communications - 200-250 thousand rubles;
technical solutions - 45 thousand rubles;
construction organization project - 20 thousand rubles;
estimate - 50 thousand rubles. And so on.
In total, the finished plant project can cost the customer, thus, several hundred thousand rubles. The amount is rather big.
Designing an enterprise of building materials, products and structures. As an example
The plan for the construction of production facilities, as already mentioned, should be drawn up, including taking into account their specifics. For example, how can a project for a concrete product plant be developed?
The place of construction of an enterprise of such specialization should be chosen next to the main transport arteries of the region. It is also desirable that in the immediate vicinity of the future plant were sources of raw materials:
When developing justifications for the production method, in this case, they are determined, among other things, with the type of equipment for the future plant. For an enterprise manufacturing concrete products, a conveyor method of manufacturing products is usually chosen in our time. In this case, the designers are determined, among other things, and with the type of similar equipment, which may be:
periodic action;
continuous.
Most often in our time, reinforced concrete production plants establish lines of the first type, consisting of 6-15 posts. Such equipment allows to produce products with a rhythm of 12-15 minutes.
When calculating capacities in the design of a precast concrete plant, engineers determine, among other things, the need for materials - hourly, daily, annual, and also choose the characteristics of the production line. Next, experts proceed to the development of the structure of the enterprise’s warehouses: cement, sand and gravel, finished products, reinforcement. At the same time, engineers determine the necessary area and capacity of such premises.
Also, designers without fail make up the general plan of the concrete products plant. That is, they divide its territory into zones - pre-factory, production, utility, warehouse. Roads near the enterprise and on its territory are planned in such a way that the transportation of raw materials, intermediate and finished products in the future was carried out by the shortest route.
Responsibility of the designer and customer
When designing a plant construction plan, the hired design organization should ensure the safety, reliability and efficiency of future facilities. Also, such a campaign is responsible for compliance with all regulatory documents, solves issues related to design and ensures the completeness and effectiveness of the measures provided for in the project.
The customer, in turn, must in time during the construction of the plant prepare for operation the facilities put into operation. Also, the responsibilities of the initiator of the organization of the enterprise include the procedure of testing the equipment idle, the adjustment of technological processes and commissioning of capacities on time.