Unfortunately, there is no single and universal methodology for teaching a foreign language, which could take into account individual abilities, goals and duration of study at the same time. However, the synthesis of the achievements of the best techniques allows you to communicate in the studied foreign language very soon after the start of the study.
Teaching foreign languages is based on one of the fundamental categories that form the basis of teaching methods - the principles of teaching. Let us briefly consider the basic principles and psychology of teaching foreign languages.
Principles of teaching a foreign language:
Activity. The student is involved in the situation through the use of role-playing games, a communicative problematic topic. The proposed tasks take into account the age and interests of students and stimulate speech and thought activity.
Visibility. Training is built on specific visual images through the display of language material.
Strength. This is achieved by creating associative relationships, parallels and accessibility of presentation.
Availability. It is assumed that the material is presented taking into account the intellectual and age-related abilities of the student.
Intercultural interaction. Within the framework of the principle, it is supposed to teach background knowledge, with the help of which the possibility of communication in communicative situations is realized.
Of particular importance is the principle of teacher competency , which is summarized from the following basic skills:
- communicative (high level of language proficiency)
- organizational (ability to plan their own and activities of students)
- Gnostic and evaluative (the ability to evaluate the student’s work and motivate his activities).
Teaching foreign languages on the basis of linguistics:
Consistency. Language is considered as a system of interconnected elements of different levels. Teaching foreign languages includes considering all the elements, both as a whole and separately.
Concentrism It assumes the process of assimilation of information through its repeated repetition and periodic expansion.
Functionality. The content of the statement is considered. The meaning and purpose of the statement are primary, the grammar is adjusted to it.
Stylistic differentiation . The depth of study depends on the objectives of the activity. In short-term courses, a conversational style is studied, with more in-depth study, attention is paid to other styles.
Creating a system of concepts . If two languages - studied and native are considered as two worlds, then they will not be identical. Two systems of concepts cannot be projected onto each other, therefore word-for-word translation is impossible. Before translating a word, you need to put it in the appropriate system of the language being studied.
The psychology of teaching foreign languages is based on the following principles:
Motivation. Especially important when working with children. It can be achieved through colorful textbooks, interesting texts, cartoons.
Consideration of psychological characteristics . The maximum individualization of the learning process is implemented within the framework of this principle.
Teaching foreign languages on the basis of methodological principles:
The communicative principle . Education is built on the basis of communicative situations that arise in everyday life.
The principle of the relationship of teaching types of speech work . 4 types of speech activity are formed: writing, speaking, reading, listening.
The principle of oral advancing . Most often, people communicate verbally, so at the first stage it is especially important to pay attention to understanding foreign speech by ear and speaking.
The list of principles cannot be absolutized and is open. When working with a particular student, the principles are repeatedly refracted and adjusted to a particular situation.