A quality foundation is the foundation of any building erected on a personal site. Once upon a time, various stones were used to create this design, smeared with clay and put on a structure of logs. Today, there are many construction methods to create a solid and reliable support.
What determines the choice of foundation
The foundation for a bath with a drain is selected for each building individually, depending on the material for the assembly of the bath and its general dimensions, geodetic characteristics of the region of residence.
The following types of bases are used:
- The mixed look is rarely used for baths, it is optimal for soil with a high location of waters and quicksand.
- Tape is the most popular option, suitable for soils with low occurrence of groundwater.
- Pile-screw, or columnar, is applicable for structures made of logs or lumber on sandy soil.
- Monolithic is formed on soils of a floating type with a high location of waters.
Place to build
The selection of a site for the construction requires an extremely serious approach, since the design should serve for many years. It is possible to set up a bathhouse, standing separately and create an extension to the house itself. In the latter case, the base must correspond to the foundation of the house and the overall reference. It is not recommended to make a strip foundation if the building itself is standing on screw piles.
A separate steam room should be located away from trees and shrubs, since sparks and smoke from heating are not very useful for them.
What role does the project have
As for any other construction, before you make a foundation for a bathhouse, preliminary planning is necessary, but it is not so important whether the construction will be registered. A typical project is the fastest option, providing an opportunity for extensive selection. In addition to it, an estimate is required in which all the material and costs are calculated.
Strip foundation
If the territory is swampy or garden soil, the device of the bath may be limited to the tape type of the base, which is a strip filled with a solution. After complete drying, vapor barrier is laid, most often in the form of roofing material. A blind area with a width of about a meter will help in providing protection from groundwater due to clay and gravel.
Construction on stilts
With unsatisfactory soil quality at the construction site, the pile foundation will be the way out. Factors contributing to his choice include fast formation speed and lightweight construction. Difficulties may occur when filling the space between the existing pillars, but here, with some effort, you can complete all the work quickly enough.
Piles are usually driven into the soil, followed by joining with beams. Before you make a foundation for a bath, you need to consider that the distance between the auxiliary and the main column should be at least two meters. Leading pillars are formed with the help of bricks, it is also possible to use rubble stones, asbestos-cement pipes and concrete.
After installing the pillars, sand is poured into the pit to the middle of the level of the pit, after which it is wetted with water and compacted tightly. A wall forms between the pillars, while the base rises to the level of the soil, leveled with cement mortar and covered with roofing material.
Column base
The columnar foundation under the bathhouse is common during construction on land with a high content of fine gravel, sand and clay. Its basis is made up of pillars made of concrete or bricks, installed with a minimum step of two meters. Before pouring, the posts are dug to a depth exceeding the freezing level in winter. Next, the partitions are laid out between all the pillars and the roofing material is laid. It is worth noting that the use of slotted red and silicate bricks is undesirable, due to their unsuitability for such a structure.
Despite the many advantages, the depth of the foundation for a bath of this type and the required number of piles are quite difficult to determine. In addition, it is necessary to attract specialized equipment for producing wells.
What you need to know
Previously, in the bathhouse, a largely unorganized discharge of water was made through openings in the floor. But with the development of technology, the arrangement of sewer systems has become more common, which make it possible to competently organize water flow. Foundation for a bath with a drain must take into account all the design nuances.
During construction, you can not do without the corresponding knowledge and skills. But at the same time, you can independently equip the steam room and make a foundation. If there is already a bathhouse on the acquired site without an organized method of discharge, you can arrange a sewer on your own. For this, modern materials are used that collect and divert water from the building.
You can get significant savings if you take care of all the amenities in advance before the construction of the bath begins. The whole process of installing the drainage system is to fasten the plastic base, which should later be mounted on the floor. In the absence of a plastic sheet, it is possible to use a membrane familiar to artificial reservoirs. She has many indisputable advantages:
- environmentally friendly material;
- ease of installation;
- water tightness;
- strong and thin design;
- application over a wide temperature range;
- perfectly glued and soldered.
Progress
In addition to PVC film, you will also need to purchase a plastic ladder. The floor should have an opening slightly larger than the diameter of the ladder, since there will be a film there. Its thickness is about 1 mm. A ladder is installed in the corner of the room where the lower part of the slope is located.
A through hole in the floor through which the sewage system in the bath will pass is cut out using a jigsaw or other available tool. The ends of the boards formed after sawing should be subject to processing with a special composition for wood, which protects against rot.
It is worth paying attention during the installation of the ladder to ensure that it does not go beyond the floor level, otherwise it will interfere with the installation of wooden grates. After this, you can start laying the membrane or film, the ladder itself is already fixed on them. Abundant lubrication with plumbing sealant at the joints with the film is required. In order for the sewage in the bath to have a reliable fixation, the pipe is tightly fixed to the logs or the base of the floor.
Naturally, periodic replacement of the membrane is required. But despite this, this method is economical and simple, since it needs to be changed every 3-4 years. Sewer pipe passing under the base is insulated with special materials. It is worth considering its dimensions, since the length should be enough to pass under the foundation and drain water into the gutter. It is desirable that the construction of the bath was carried out at least five meters from the septic tank.
Possible difficulties
The owners of the bath often when creating a sewer there is a problem in conducting pipes through the base. There are two ways:
- direct runoff under the foundation;
- forming holes in the base and laying pipes through them.
At first glance, it may seem that the holes are easier to arrange when the foundation under the bath with a drain is at the initial stage of creation, but this is not always feasible. There is also the possibility of a mismatch between the planned size and parameters of the pipes. This is possible for the following reasons:
- difficulties in designing and creating the foundation;
- making changes to the project during installation work;
- shrinkage of the soil or its loose structure;
- poor quality of materials used.
Despite possible inconsistencies, many experts advise drilling holes in the finished base. But it’s not so easy to drill a solid concrete structure. Maximum caution is also required, because even a large crack that has arisen at the base can render it unusable.
The foundation for a bath with a drain in any case is created taking into account the further implementation of wastewater disposal. That is why it is so important to draw up a detailed work plan, perform all calculations and determine in advance the type of sewage system.