An extension to a private house is being erected to expand the premises, create a summer terrace, protect from the cold, and improve the appearance of the house. It can significantly change the design of the facade. In addition, this method can significantly increase the useful living space with minimal cost of funds and labor. It is traditionally believed that an additional building should be created from a material similar to the main building. However, if there is a huge selection of building materials, you can make a general finish or choose a good imitation. Materials for the walls can be brick, wood, foam concrete, etc. The frame construction is considered the most profitable. Particularly important is the extension of the roof to the roof of the house, with proper execution, improving the appearance of the facade and ensuring the creation of comfort inside.
Types of additional rooms
- Room . The new living space requires a special approach, since it is actually the completion of the house. The room is carefully insulated on all sides and is provided with reliable waterproofing.
- The kitchen . The premises are subject to the same quality requirements as for the room, but additional communications must be provided: water supply and sewerage.
- Veranda . The room is mainly intended for summer holidays, and also protects the main building from rain and wind. It can be closed, with or without insulation. An open version is also used, where only the floor with the racks and the roof on the extension to the house remain . Moreover, there are options for such designs are far from the cheapest.
Building the foundation for the extension
The foundation is made columnar or tape. It depends on the preferences of the owners and the nature of the soil.
1. Strip foundation
The basis is made in the following cases:
- under construction of a significant mass;
- the house has a basement, ground floor or underground garage;
- heterogeneous soil.
The foundation may be below the freezing depth of the soil by 200-300 mm or shallow (depth of occurrence - 550-600 mm). For light extensions, the latter option is used as the most rational in terms of costs and technical characteristics.
Important ! An attached foundation should be integral with it at the junction with the base of the house. It will not be possible to make a single monolith, but you can tie them together if you hammer metal rods into the old foundation and bandage them with the reinforcing cage. After the concrete is poured.
Pay attention ! The strip foundation must be poured in one step, and for this it is better to turn to professionals who have the right equipment. Preparatory work can be done with your own hands.
2. Column foundation
The columns are built of concrete, brick, or a combination thereof. It should be borne in mind that the underground will be open or non-insulated, although the problem is solved by installing clogging with additional insulation when laying communications.
Poles are placed in increments of 1.5 m, with mandatory installation at the corners. Their immersion depth is 500-600 mm. The underground part is coated with bitumen for waterproofing. It is advisable to connect the columns adjacent to the main foundation with it using reinforced rods hammered into concrete.
Judging by the reviews and numerous articles, the extension to the house under the roof in most cases becomes frame, since it is the cheapest, and to build it with your own hands is quite simple.
Frame extension
They try to place the elevated part of the foundation of the house and the annex at the same height, but for the veranda it can be made lower by connecting the transition with steps or a small staircase.
For any kind of foundation, a wooden floor is suitable. For tape it can be made of concrete.
The foundation is laid around the entire perimeter of the beams of 150 mm high and 100 mm wide. You can use logs that are cheaper. At the corners they are connected by locks. Before this, waterproofing from several layers of roofing material is laid from below.
For logs of the floor and under the spikes of the racks in the beams, grooves are made through 50 cm. They insert racks and fasten with nails. In places for windows, beams are horizontally mounted on which a window sill will be installed.
Racks do the height of the room. If the roof is a pitched roof, they are installed at a wall height to create a slope. So that they are located exactly vertically, they are temporarily nipped with jibs.
From the top, they are strapping, grooves are made under it for rafters, which are fastened with nails or nails to a horizontal beam. The other side they rest on a wooden beam with a cross section of 100x89 mm, mounted on the wall of the house with anchor bolts. The rafters are supposed to be attached to the Mauerlat, which is installed on top of the harness. For small buildings, you can do without it.
The roof of the extension should go under the roof of the main house.
On the rafters they fill the crate. It can be with gaps or solid, depending on the roofing material used.
Logs are installed in the grooves of the timber of the lower harness with a step of no more than 1 m. The quality of the floor depends on how they are fixed. Each lag is set by level. If the veranda is open, a slight deviation from the house is made so that rainwater flows out.
The floorboards are attached to the logs with self-tapping screws.
The walls are built in two layers, with the location between them of waterproofing and insulation. Outside they use OSB, plywood, boards, after which they are finished with siding. Interior decoration is done with drywall sheets or clapboard.
The extension of the roof to the roof of the house can be performed as follows:
- single slope;
- gable;
- under a common roof;
- sloping roof extension.
1. Shed roof
The most economical option is the shed roof of the extension to the house with a longitudinal junction to it. Reviews speak in favor of this design, with the exception of design. You can find another, more effective option, if funds allow. The roof is located on the lags of the upper harness. If a decision is made not to touch the old roof, which is in good condition, one new slope is made.
A rigid connection of buildings between themselves is not done. The extension is attached by creating a sliding connection with a longitudinal groove, providing a strong connection of the walls with the possibility of shrinkage. The problem is often the ingress of rainfall at the junction of the roof with the wall. To drain the water, a corner or a gutter of galvanized sheet is set up. With a sufficient slope, moisture will not get inside.
The shed roof of the annex to the wooden house has characteristic features.
- Tilt angle of at least 10 0 .
- The roof of the extension starts under the roof of the house.
- The extension is subject to the same loads as the house. In addition, its roof is located below the main one, and most of the precipitation can fall on it, which makes it necessary to impose stringent requirements on strength and waterproofing for additional construction.
- Externally, the roof of the extension should not look shabby, despite the simplicity of the form.
2. Gable roof
The option is suitable for the construction of a full heated room with an attic. The extension to the house with a gable roof is more complex. For its installation, roll-up beams (150x100 mm) are first installed, which are the basis of the future ceiling. They lie on the upper dressing in increments of not more than 70 cm, and then are attached to the wall of the house. After the beams, a rafter system is installed (bar 100x100 mm).
The distance between them is the same as that of the beams. A lath is nailed to the rafters with a step corresponding to the type of roofing material. The last step is the laying of the roof and the installation of drainage systems.
3. Broken roof
This method is more expensive, but functionally better, since an additional room can be equipped under the roof. Due to this, you can save the area of the site, which goes under housing. An extension to houses with a sloping roof does not always look beautiful. Most often, they continue the roofing of the main building. In terms of design, here you can change its shape.
Reviews of sloping roofs are the most controversial, because sometimes the design is very complex, and it is difficult to choose the appropriate design.
The sloping and gable roof of the extension to the house is being built using similar technology. For a dilapidated structure, it is advisable to erect a new roof on the house, which will become common to him and the extension. In this case, the structure will significantly increase in size.
For the new roof of the house, the rafter system is assembled on the ground in advance. Shields for crates are also being prepared. As a result, the replacement will be made quickly and efficiently.
Connection of the roof of the extension and the house
An economical option is the extension of the roof to the roof of the house, where they are interconnected. But here it is necessary to ensure shrinkage, otherwise subsidence will occur at the junction. The roof of the extension is 2-3 cm below the main one. The presence of an overlap will not allow moisture to get into the house.
Conclusion
An additional building, attached to the main house, is an important object, which mainly has the same requirements as an independent building. Particularly important is the extension of the roof to the roof of the house. If the work on the construction of this building is carried out in stages and without errors, it will be convenient and durable.