Piling installations are widespread in construction. With the help of such mechanisms, a reliable foundation is created for the foundations of multi-storey buildings. In areas with complex geology, especially where there is a pond nearby, driving piles makes it possible to strengthen the soil and carry out construction with a guarantee against soil subsidence.
Appointment
Piling installations are used for immersion in the soil of supports for various purposes. In road construction, small-sized mechanisms install fences along the tracks, supports for signs and various supporting structures. In addition, they are used to equip fences, fences, lightning rods.
In civil and industrial construction, these plants drive piles into the soil to strengthen the soil. They are reinforced concrete or metal. They can have a square section or a different profile: channel, I-beam, pipe.
In addition to creating the basic foundations for new buildings, such installations are used to strengthen soils in areas with existing buildings. They are also used in bridge construction, on oil platforms and docks.
There are two main tasks in the process of pile driving: installing it in a strictly designated place at a right or other angle necessary for the project and, in fact, immersing it in the soil at a given depth. If for road signs a support height of 2–2.5 m is sufficient, then to strengthen the soil into the soil, the piles are driven to a depth of 12 m.
Installation technology
A reinforced concrete pile with a section of 350 × 350 mm and a length of 12 m weighs up to 4 tons. To pull it to a place, lift it and set it exactly according to a reference point vertically or at an angle, a special technique is needed. Such a mechanism must be mobile in order to move around the construction site from the place of storage of piles to the point of their installation. It should be equipped with a high boom for vertical lifting of heavy and oversized cargo, have a sufficiently wide and massive base to hold the mechanism itself.
Koper - construction equipment for the installation of piles. If, in addition, it is also equipped with a hammer for their immersion in the ground, then such a mechanism is considered to be a pile driving installation. Clogging is most often carried out using a diesel or hydraulic hammer. A more advanced technology is the vibrational penetration of piles. It can occur in combination with a pressing or impact action.
Combined piling installations can have additional equipment. Often drilling equipment is installed on such mechanisms. It is necessary for arranging in the soil an increased density of the leader well. At the installation site of the pile, the soil is drilled with a drill to the required depth. A pile driver sets a pile into the well. Under its weight, it partially deepens and then reaches the design depth with a hammer.
Design features
The combined pile-driving or pile-driving installation is a massive crawler or wheeled mechanism with a prefabricated mast or boom for lifting a support with a winch and installing it in a predetermined position. It can be self-propelled or transported by a tractor. Machinery from leading manufacturers of construction equipment is equipped with powerful and functional manipulators for gripping and lifting profile metal supports. Their immersion is carried out in a vibrational manner.
Various equipment can be installed on piling installations. The most common are diesel rod or tubular hammers. They use the energy from burning fuel in the working chamber to disperse the striking part. Hydraulic and pneumatic hammers are also used. In these units, liquid and compressed air are used to raise the projectile, respectively . In some cases, the installation can be equipped with a unit for the reverse action - pulling piles from the ground. In this case, a lift is used in combination with a shock or vibration mechanism.
Piling SP-49 installation
This unit of domestic production has been used for more than 25 years. It is used in civil, industrial and private construction for the construction of pile foundations. It has several modifications. SP-49D combined piling units with a diesel hammer can not only set piles in coordinates, but also drive them into the ground.
SP-49 has proven itself on the good side. It is maneuverable, reliable in operation, has good functionality, tested by time and severe weather conditions. In addition, it is the most affordable and fast payback mechanism for driving reinforced concrete piles up to 12 m long.
Koper SP-49 is built on the basis of the T-10 (T-170) terrain crawler tractor . It is equipped with a mast for lifting the pile with the possibility of its displacement to adjust the position and angle. When installing drilling equipment, the SP-49 pile driver can make wells in soils of various densities, including leader ones, to facilitate the process of supporting the dive.
Pile-driving installations: technical characteristics as exemplified by SP-49
The total mass of the unit is about 30 tons, and it can vary depending on the modification. Including the weight of the installed equipment - from 5 to 8.5 tons. During transportation, the piling unit has a length of 10 m, with a width and height of 4.3 and 3.5 m, respectively. Dimensions in the working position are: length × width × height - 4.7 × 5 × 18.5 m. Departure of the mast when adjusting the position is up to 0.4 m.
The maximum weight of the pile to be lifted is up to 5 tons, the weight of the hammer is up to 7 tons. The total load capacity is 12 tons. Changing the working position of the mast left and right - up to 7º, back and forth - up to 18º. The pile driver lifts at a speed of 16.5 m / min. Productivity per shift - 38 towers. The noise in the cab and in the working area is 80–110 dB.
Pile driving
The attendants of the unit - 3 people. The driver of the piling installation, in addition to directly controlling the mechanisms, is responsible for the maintenance of systems and components in the process, identifies and, if possible, eliminates malfunctions. His responsibilities include: refueling and lubricants, participation in routine and routine inspections, and repair of installation mechanisms and systems.
To control the unit are allowed persons with a driver's license pile driving copra. They should have practical knowledge of the rules of operation of the installation under variable loads and in various environmental conditions. Equally important is the experience and skills of quality work, compliance with labor protection and safety standards when operating complex mechanisms.