Every year, there are more and more pear varieties. But gardeners do not forget about the old, time-tested. One of the well-known and widespread varieties is the pear "Yakovlev's favorite." What is it interesting about?
Create variety
The pear variety "Yakovlev's favorite" was created at the All-Russian Research Institute of Genetics and Selection of Fruit Plants. It was obtained by crossing the varieties of "daughter Blankova" and "Esperin's bergamot." The creators are I. Michurin and P. Yakovlev.
Pear "favorite of Yakovlev" has become popular in the middle lane.
Initially, this variety was grown in large areas, now it grows only in private gardens. Pears of this variety best survive and bear fruit in the middle lane: in the Penza, Belgorod, Tambov, Moscow regions.
Grade description
Pear "favorite Yakovlev" ripens in the fall. The variety is valued for productivity, resistance to frost and decorativeness.
The tree is tall, its crown is wide-pyramidal. Skeletal branches are located almost perpendicular to the trunk. It grows very fast. Some gardeners consider this a drawback because the crown of the tree is too wide.
The bark of large branches is gray, quite smooth. Shoots with a large number of spears and gloves, on which fruits are formed.
Leaves of normal shape, pointed, their tips twisted to the side. The flowers are simple. In their inflorescences there are up to 10 pieces. The pear "Yakovlev's favorite" begins to bloom later than all varieties. This saves the crop from return frosts.
Productivity
Begins to bear fruit no earlier than in the fifth year. With age, the number of fruits increases. The first year they collect about 1 kg, and about 30 kg from an adult tree. Fruits every year, the pear "favorite Yakovlev."
Fruit Description
Fruits are wide pear-shaped, large, one-dimensional, weighing from 120 to 180, sometimes 200 g.
They are green-yellow in color, seeming brown from a distance. The dense smooth, but dull skin of the fruits ripening on the sunny side is decorated with a faint blush. A large number of integumentary points are located close to each other.
The saucer (lower part) is ribbed, the funnel is shallow.
The pulp is juicy, cream-colored, not very dense. Sweet and sour pears, pleasant to taste, resemble quince. Under adverse conditions, they become a little tart.
Inside the pulp there is a certain amount of solid formations. This slightly reduces the quality of the fruit. But all the same, gardeners highly value the pear "Yakovlev's favorite."
The description of the variety indicates its winter hardiness. Branches of adult trees do not freeze even in severe frosts. But young seedlings need to be protected in the winter. And not only branches, but also the roots of plants. To do this, it is good to use green manure straw. It protects the trees from frost and supplies them with minerals.
In the fall, the trunk is wrapped in thick paper, falling asleep, without tamping, with a layer of earth up to 20 cm high. After the snow falls, throw it as much as possible on the trunk circle. Thus, the tree is protected not only from frost, but also from mice, which in winter can damage the bark of the plant.
Pollinators
The variety has low self-fertility. To obtain a high harvest, the pear "Yakovlev's favorite" needs to be in the neighborhood with other trees. Pollinators are other varieties. It is believed that the best of these is "duchess summer."
Preparing the landing site
Young pear seedlings are planted in the spring or autumn. Survival is better in the fall. It is only necessary not to be late with the timing of landing. Better to do it at the end of September.
Two weeks before the pear is planted, a place is prepared for it. The soil for the seedling should be clay or loamy.
The pear is “Yakovlev’s favorite” tall, so you need to plant it so that in the future it does not cover the entire territory of the garden. At the same time, the plot should be spacious and bright. It grows well in the hills and slopes, poorly in the lowlands.
You can form a small mound yourself and plant a pear in it.
No need to plant a pear near the mountain ash. She herself will not hurt, but their pests are the same. And first they attack the mountain ash, and then they move to the pear.
Dig a hole for a seedling of size 100x70x70. The fertile soil of the upper layer is folded separately from the bottom. Add rotted manure or compost, superphosphate, potassium salt.
Seedling Selection
Choosing a pear seedling, look at the presence of green leaves on it. At the time of transplant, the tree should already slow down the sap flow. This is evidenced by the fact that all leaves or a significant part of them fell from it.
The trunk should be resilient, without damage, the root system is well developed.
One or two year old seedlings are planted.
Planting
A stake with a height of at least 1.5 m, which will serve as a support for a young tree for several years, is driven into a prepared hole. You can do this after planting, but then there is a risk of damage to the root system.
Before planting, the roots are slightly cut to living tissue (this is more true for spring planting), dipped in clay mash.
A layer of fertile land mixed with fertilizers is poured at the bottom of the pit. Install the seedling in the pit. In order to do this correctly, first determine where the root neck is located. The seedling is immersed in the pit so that after planting it rises 5 cm above the ground.
Sprinkle the pear with earth so that there are no voids in the pit. To do this, the soil is lightly compacted with a foot, controlling efforts so that the roots do not break.
Tie a tree to a stake. Use non-rigid material, which is wrapped around the barrel in the form of a figure eight.
Be sure to mulch humus, peat, straw or fresh grass, which quickly dries and becomes hay. This will help maintain moisture inside the root system. It is only necessary to make sure that during heavy and prolonged rains in the near-trunk circle it is not too damp. In this case, the mulch is temporarily pushed back until the rain stops and the soil dries.
You need to monitor the condition and presence of mulch all season. Replenish the layer if it has become less than 7 cm.
Care
It’s easy to take care of the pear “Yakovlev’s favorite”. It is necessary to water it regularly during growth, preferably by sprinkling. Watering is done in the morning or in the evening. You can water the trees in a moat, made in the trunk circle.
30 l of water is enough for trees under 7 years old, more for adults.
Be sure to water the pear before flowering and in autumn, before wintering. This will help to form more fruit buds, it is better to endure frosts.
After the water is absorbed into the soil, loosen the earth around the tree.
Top dressing
The pear variety "Yakovlev's favorite" responds well to top dressing. Reviews of experts are advised to use for this:
- humus, infusion of manure or chicken droppings;
- mineral fertilizers (after 3-4 years).
In the first years of life, nitrogen fertilizers are applied if the tree grows very slowly.
Fertilize by doing shallow holes in the near-stem circle half a meter from the trunk. Before and after the procedure, the pear is carefully watered so that the fertilizers do not damage the roots. Then the pits fall asleep, mulch the territory of the trunk circle.
An adult tree, according to gardeners, is best not to fertilize much. In order for the fruits to become larger, anti-aging pruning is performed.
Foliar top dressing gives a good result. This is a spraying with a solution of sulfate during flowering, or urea - after yellowing of the bulk of the leaves. Such top dressing strengthens the tree and makes it easier to survive the winter.
Crown formation
- Branches are removed by cutting to a ring.
- The shape of the crown is sparse-tier or palmette.
- Two-year-old branches of a pear are shortened by a quarter.
- In spring and autumn, pruning of broken branches is carried out.
Every 3 years, three-year branches are cut off, on which the fruits no longer form.
Formative and sanitary pruning is carried out in spring and autumn. Remove branches growing towards the crown, one of two parallel, vertical, if any.
Pruning is performed with a sharp secateurs so as not to damage the bark of the tree. Hold it at right angles to the branch.
Cut places are treated with garden varieties or other putty.
Diseases and Pests
Resistance to scab in pears of this variety is low. Therefore, it must be constantly processed. Now there are a large number of effective drugs to combat scab.
Pests:
- leaflets;
- weevils;
- codling moths;
- scale insects;
- aphid.
In order to reduce the number of pests in the garden:
- attract birds there;
- fallen leaves are removed in the fall;
- purify the stems from the old bark, treat them with pest control agents (Aktara, Thunder) and lime;
- loosen the soil near a tree.
Harvesting
In early September, the pear "Yakovlev's favorite" begins to ripen. Description of the variety, reviews of gardeners indicate that the fruits do not reach the ripening stage together. The fruiting period is stretched in time, which consumers like. After all, they can enjoy fresh pears longer.
The first fruits should be removed in mid-September. And they are used in October and early November.
Using
The fruits are used to make delicious jam. But more often they are consumed fresh. The pear "Yakovlev's favorite" can be stored for three months. Description, reviews of experts say that this variety will be at the peak of popularity for a long time.
A tree is valuable not only for its fruits. It may itself be a decoration of the garden.