The Vinogradov family has 11 genera and over 600 types of grapes of natural origin. Nevertheless, breeders do not stop developing new cultivars and hybrids of plants.
Demand for seedless grapes is constantly growing. It tastes nicer and is well suited for drying in order to obtain raisins. The cultivation of seedless varieties has ancient roots. After all, the first winemaking reports date back to the times of Odyssey. The cultivation of cinnamon - a small black Corinthian seedless grape variety - the Greeks were the first to start. It even formed a research institute of raisins (Piraeus).
Raisin raisins
Delicious raisins are obtained from sweet grape varieties with a sugar content of at least 20%, which are popularly known as seedless. The glucose level in berries can be increased by resorting to a little trick - stop watering the plants 15-20 days before harvesting the grapes for drying. At this time, intensive vine care is required: thinning leaves, chasing shoots.
Note that harvesting is recommended only in dry weather and closer to dinner when the dew falls.
Where did the bones go?
All grape varieties have seeds, even called seedless. Their structure is soft, and the seeds themselves are small and practically do not feel when eating fruits.
Groups and varieties of seedless grapes
There are two large groups of seedless grape varieties: raisins and cinnamon. Kishmish has seeds, but it is difficult to call them full. These are rather the beginnings of the bones, the development of which has stopped at the initial stage.
In cinnamon, the bones are completely absent. Such grapes cannot be called inferior, since the absence of seeds does not affect the reproduction of the plant, which occurs by cuttings or vegetation with the help of layering. What can not be said about selection. Previously, specialists were able to develop new varieties by crossing seedless varieties with representatives of the seed group. Today, growing plants is possible even without the availability of planting material.
Classification of seedless grapes
Grape varieties belonging to the seedless group are classified by seedlessness. In plants of the first class, for example, in the "radiant rosemary" bones are not felt during eating at all, in the varieties of the third - "Rusbol", the seed buds are soft, more formed, but completely edible. Varieties belonging to the fourth class have more developed, full-bodied bones differing in hardness.
The seedless property depends not only on the variety of grapes, but also on the conditions for its cultivation. Some species are seedless in one region, but degenerate with full bones in another. So, pink grapes on the Crimean peninsula bear fruit in clusters with seeds inside the berries, and when grown in the Kiev region, seed embryos do not form.
Of the seedless varieties, kishmish black and kishmish white are very popular among buyers, which is used for drying in order to obtain especially delicious raisins. Consider the most common seedless grape varieties - raisins.
Arsenievsky
The representative relates to varieties of amateur breeding with an average ripening period of 140 days. The grape flowers are functionally bisexual. The clusters are large, the berries look attractive and appetizing. The average weight of one cluster is 1300-1600 g.
Arsenyevsky is a large seedless grape variety. Berries differ in size and average weight of up to 12 g each. "Arsenevsky Kishmish" refers to the second class of seedless plants.
The grape variety is stored for a long time. After ripening, the bunch can be left for a long time on the vine, without worrying about the fact that the berries lose their taste. Commercial presentation of grapes does not deteriorate even after long transportations. Wasps practically do not damage the berries, because the cultivation of this species is profitable.
The lowest permissible temperature level for Arsenyevsky grape bushes is -23 ° C.
Kesha
The ripening period of the variety is early, up to 115 days. This variety is seedless, table. The berries form clusters of cylindrical conical shape, but smaller than those of Arsenyevsky, with an average weight of 300-500 g. The hearths are large, round, like most grape varieties of this group. Each of the berries accounts for 3-4 g, which, after ripening, turns amber with a brownish tint, occasionally a yellow-green color with a slight waxy coating. The taste of kishmish "kesha" is harmonious, with moderate sweetness. Under the skin of medium thickness hides a delicious, juicy, with a soft structure flesh.
Sometimes, due to the high density, individual berries fall to the ground, but this phenomenon is rarely observed. "Kesha" is characterized by fertility, and from one bush you can get up to 6.5 kg of selected grapes.
"White flame"
The seedless white grape variety has a very early ripening time of 90-93 days. Berries up to 5 g weight each, and the total weight of the bunch can reach 2-2.3 kg. After ripening, the grape acquires a marble color, pouring a blush.
"White flame" is distinguished by a combination of rich and soft floral notes. Under the delicate crispy skin - a uniform flesh. The grapes are stored for a long time, but during long transport it is necessary to carefully pack the bunches to protect them from damage. The grade is frost-resistant. Even the 20-degree cold did not care for him.
"Radiant"
The variety is high-yielding, with an average ripening time of 130-135 days. The berries are small, oval, slightly elongated, after ripening, reach a weight of up to 2 g, acquiring a pinkish color. The pulp is fleshy-juicy, with a light musky finish.
Grapes "radiant" - a small seedless grape variety, is considered a high-potential berry variety due to the weight of the bunches, the average mass of which reaches 650-800 g. Winemakers note that careful care and reverent attitude to the plant can achieve tremendous success in the form of a large crop and the formation of clusters weighing 2000 g.
In terms of taste, the variety is excellent for the production of raisins.
Such species are ideal seedless grape varieties for central Russia. Berries are characterized by good transportability and winter hardiness, so they can be grown in places with extreme temperatures. "Radiant" has a long shelf life, because it is often found on store shelves.
"The black"
The growing season is 127-133 days. Bushes are vigorous, but do not differ in frost resistance and disease resistance. Growing such a crop requires careful care for the grapes. This is an antiquity variety . Cultivate this grape was one of the first. Nevertheless, to this day he has not lost his popularity.
Black berries with a bluish tint, medium-sized berries, sweet - contain up to 27% sugar, belong to the third class of seedlessness and are distinguished by high taste. Productivity from 1 hundred parts is 100-230 kg and is characterized as high.
The Black Sultan
The growing season is 113-117 days, so you can judge about the early ripeness of the grapes. The bushes of this variety are very tall, and the berries are medium in size. An inherent feature of this species is the transitional class of seedlessness (2-3). Sugar content of fruits is 17-25%, and productivity - up to 200 kg per hundred square meters.
"Red Muscat"
The seedless red grape variety belongs to the group of early ripening - up to 115 days. Berries are large in size - up to 7 g, painted red, have a strong muscat taste. The average weight of one bunch is 650-850 g. “Red Muscat” is a high-yielding variety with a yield of 5 kg or more from one bush.
Grapes are characterized by high frost resistance and disease resistance.
In addition to raisins, a group of cinnamon grapes, characterized by multi-sorting, is widespread. Check out a brief description of the two most popular grape varieties among consumers.
Black Cinnamon
This variety has been known since ancient Greece. Today it is widespread in many countries of the world and successfully cultivated in Europe. In central Russia, grapes ripen in 122-130 days, forming clusters of medium size with small berries. Under a thin skin hides aromatic and juicy pulp. This variety is characterized by medium disease resistance and frost resistance.
"Russian cinnamon"
Grapes super early ripening, winter-hardy, not prone to soreness. During the growing season, it forms strong tall bushes with medium-sized clusters densely covered with large berries. The fruit pulp tastes good, without the aroma characteristic of grapes. Sugar content up to 21.5%. Productivity is high - up to 156 kg per hundred square meters.
Now you know the many names of seedless grape varieties. Understand the features inherent in a particular variety, and you can try to distinguish which grapes are on the shelf of the store and what is best to choose for the intended purpose.