Water intake unit: purpose, features, component elements

In order to establish autonomous water supply for any object to which it is impossible to connect a centralized water supply, water intake structures are designed and built . What are these designs? These are systems the main element of which is a water intake unit. It is necessary for the collection of water from sources.

In turn, the sources can be artificial or natural. Intake units are not just the initial structural elements, but they are also the most important elements in the system. The delivery of water to the place of consumption and its quality depends on their work.

Main types

There are two types of water intake unit. These are surface and underground systems.
Devices intended for installation in underground sources can have a different design, according to which they are divided into the following types:

1. Beam.
2. Combined.
3. For artesian wells with high quality clean water.
4. Mine wells. Designed for groundwater supply.
5. Trench and gallery horizontal structures.

Surface VZUs are more productive, but they need constant monitoring.

The nodes of the surface type are divided in accordance with the name of the source of the fence:

1. At sea - marine.
2. On the river - river.
3. There is a lake on the lake.
4. At the reservoir - a reservoir.

Constituent elements

The design system of the VZU may consist of a different set of elements. It:

1. Water intake device (first lift). This is the loading pump.
2. Flowmeter It is necessary to take into account the volume of water supplied.
3. Fire pump. It is installed, if necessary. It works on automation.
4. 2nd lift station. Consists of special pumps. Their task is to ensure constant pressure and supply of water masses in such a volume that is necessary for consumption.
5. Water tower. Sometimes it replaces a second pumping station.
6. Drainage system. It is equipped in order to drain excess liquid when the tank is full or the source is flooded.
7. Automation. It is necessary to adjust the amount of water flow, control the operation of the system, and provide automatic maintenance. In this case, the scheme can be any and depends on the requirements of the customer.
8. Transformer substation (if necessary).

Cleaning system

Water quality affects the health status of every person who uses it. Because of this, the owners of the source, who care about their health and the health of loved ones, believe that the construction of water intake sites must necessarily include a treatment system.

Purification of water masses begins from the moment of their intake at the source. The initial water masses are fed to a mud filter. Scales, coarse suspensions and other impurities are trapped here. If they are not eliminated, the water treatment equipment will fail.

After that, the water undergoes aeration and subsequent filtration, which is performed by deferrization filters. In addition, with vigorous stirring, harmful impurities are oxidized and precipitate. They are then captured by a deferrization filter. For this, the element is equipped with multi-way automatic valves.

Then the water masses enter the reservoir, which at the same time serves as its storage. Pumps of the second rise after ultraviolet disinfection, eliminating bacteriological contamination, serve them to the consumer.

Basic requirements for the VZU

In order for high-quality water to flow uninterruptedly, the water intake unit must be correctly arranged. For this, economic, sanitary and technical requirements must be observed, and operation must comply with the instructions. Therefore, when drawing up drawings of the structures of the VZU, the possibility of adverse conditions usually is taken into account. This will make it possible to prevent violations of the system during their manifestation.

As for the location, in accordance with sanitary standards, the area around the water intake point should consist of several zones:

1. The first radius is 15-16 m. There are no buildings that are not intended to solve the problems of the site.
2. The second radius is protection against the penetration of bacterial contaminants.
3. The third radius is protection against the penetration of chemical contaminants.

If the design of the water intake units was carried out taking into account the above requirements, its operation will be durable and reliable.

What factors can affect the design?

The most important characteristics are the following indicators:

1. Maintainability.
2. Debit device.
3. Properties of water and its composition.
4. Cost. Not a stable amount. Its value is affected by the depth of the well, the type of equipment necessary for its functionality, the geology of the installation site and other indicators.
5. Installation quality. If the work is done professionally, this guarantees the reliability of the system and its operation.
6. Hydrogeological characteristics of the area.

How does hydrogeology affect the design of the VZU?

Given hydrogeology, the water intake unit may have different design features.

1. With a single casing. In this design, the production casing serves simultaneously as a casing. It settles down to a depth of 35 m.
2. With a single casing, but a plastic column for filtration or operation. It is installed in wells in the sand.
3. A single casing having a section where the trunk is open. It is installed on shallow wells located on limestone soils.
4. To an artesian well with a plastic production pipe. This is the most common water intake site. The project is designed for a high level of water mass.
5. For artesian double casing well.
6. For artesian wells with multiple casing.