What is veneer, not everyone knows, but only those who deal with this material. These are called very thin layers of wood, which are obtained by sawing, planing or peeling wood logs.
Scope of application
Today, veneers are most often used to veneer wooden furniture. But this is not the only area where it is difficult to do without this material. This is the manufacturer:
- Doors
- Skateboards.
- Enclosures for musical instruments.
- Delta wood.
- Plywood.
- Match straws.
- Finishes for car interiors.
Comparative characteristics
To better understand the characteristics of each type of veneer, you need to look not at the features of its manufacture, but at the difference in consumer characteristics. A comparison of the thickness of different types of veneers will help you figure this out:
- Sawn - 0.1-1.0 cm.
- Sliced - from 0.2 to 5 mm.
- Shelled - 0.1-10 mm.
Thus, peeled veneer is different in thickness from similar materials and costs much cheaper. Since among all the listed methods for obtaining veneer, the most affordable price is peeling, so we will discuss more specifically this method.
Distinctive features
The following features will help distinguish peeled veneers from analogues of other species:
- The lowest thickness. In other words, this type of material is the thinnest.
- If weighed wood is used, the decorative properties of the material increase significantly.
- There are large gaps between the later and earlier wood.
- Cost. It is the lowest precisely because of the characteristics of production. If more expensive raw materials are used (cedar, larch), then the cost will be higher. But when compared with other methods of production, the price will still be lower.
Production Features
Why is peeled veneer considered the most low-cost? The answer is very simple: because its manufacture requires a minimum of devices and materials. It happens as follows:
- Prepare blanks of wood of a certain length. To do this, the cut trunk is cleaned of twigs, branches, various growths.
- A prepared wooden blank is placed on the lathe. You can use any wood for this - dry or raw. Importantly, it is easier to peel not dry, but raw wood. The main thing is to adjust the cutting element of the lathe as accurately as possible so that it removes the top layer from the workpiece in a spiral, thus giving a continuous blade.
- Produce rough, and then primary processing of the workpiece. This is necessary to remove the bark of the tree and level the surface - it becomes smooth, even.
- The final stage is the removal of a layer of wood of a predetermined thickness. The layer is removed along the entire length of the workpiece at the same time, which makes it possible to obtain a material of maximum width.
But the finished tape is still a semi-finished product that must be subjected to subsequent processing. The main document, according to which peeled veneer is produced - GOST 2977-82, prescribes the following actions: finished sheets must be sorted, taking into account the quality of the product, its appearance, wood species, texture, then mark, cut into segments, joint edges and only after to fix this each pack. Moreover, not ordinary packaging materials are used, but special devices.
Most often, with the help of peeling, the production of ordinary matches takes place - prepared layers of wood are crushed into thin strips and cut into small pieces, as you might guess - by the length of the matches. The material for the production of matchsticks is usually aspen, as the most affordable material in terms of price and availability.
If birch is processed into veneer, the material is obtained with higher aesthetic indicators. In addition, the production of peeled veneer comes from the following wood species:
- Beech wood.
- Oak.
- Ash.
- Limes.
- Ilma.
- Cedar.
- Larch trees.
The more expensive the raw material, the higher the cost and, accordingly, the aesthetics of the resulting material. In addition, the further use of the resulting material depends on the type of wood used.
disadvantages
Despite the low price, peeled veneer is not so popular for facing in cases where beauty, unusual design and decorativeness of the finished surface are required. To eliminate this drawback, it must be decorated, which allows the full use of the canvas as a facing material.
To enhance the decorative effect, peeled veneer can be surface dyed, hot-printed (pyrotypically), and opaque finish. But the original form does not interfere with its use for other types of work.
Twisted wood
The exception is twisted wood. Although for gardeners, tinkering is considered a vice, it is of particular value for the manufacture of wood sheets. What is it? The so-called trunks (or branches) of trees, in which the fibers are located not evenly inside the trunk, but are intertwined in various directions, forming knots, bundles, bundles and other figures. During the removal of layers on a lathe, the fibers do not get the same under the knife. So, at the same time, the layer is removed across, along, at an angle. On the surface of the cut, a mixed texture is obtained, which emits a pearly flicker. Svilovosti is found in all breeds, but in some it is rare, while in others it is often, or rather, constantly.
The most popular species from which the veneer is made is birch, but not ordinary, but Karelian, and also sugar maple. Moreover, birch in the birch is more unusual due to the fact that it grows on the Kola Peninsula, the conditions there are quite severe, and the annual rings of the trees do not lie around the circumference, but look like wave-like rosettes.
Sugar maple wood is covered with knotted fibers that have dark centers. But since this tree species is not found in the territory of the former Soviet Union, with the exception of the Crimean Botanical Garden, only birch is used to produce veneer material with high aesthetic indicators. The technology for the production of peeled veneers from Karelian birch is the same as from other species, but the cost, due to the special value of the material, is slightly higher.