Wood is the most environmentally friendly material for building suburban buildings. The technology for building a house from a bar, a rounded, non-cylindrical log is somewhat different from each other, but it can also have similar nuances. It is very important to choose the right material, as well as insulation for the future home.
Let's start with the choice of logs
The technology for building a house from a bar is relatively simple, the most important thing is to correctly approach the choice of materials. It is very important that the whole party had only one breed of logs. It is possible to use different species that have the same qualities, such as pine and spruce, as well as species, which differ in different qualities at different levels (for example, 2 crowns are made from larch, and all others are made from pine and spruce).
When choosing logs for a log house, it is also important to remember that according to regulatory documentation, the thickness of the log in the upper cut outside the heated building should be at least 220 millimeters if the house is located in an area where the minimum temperature in winter is at least -30 ° C. If you live in an area where the thermometer drops below -35 ° C, then the thickness of the log should be close to 360 millimeters.
In order to comply with the technology of building a house from a timber fully, the purchased forest should be as clean as possible, without decay, traces of blue or black. Separate manifestations of blackness are allowed, but in this case it will be necessary to bear additional costs for processing the material with an antiseptic. During unloading, make sure that the logs are not thrown, but are folded as carefully and carefully as possible onto a previously prepared site.
Before you begin to implement the technology of building a house from a beam with your own hands, it is important to prepare all the material for work. If you work with a roundwood, then you need to first bark, sand, even and remove all the knots. Next, sorting according to diameter occurs, because the lower corners of the log house should lie on a forest with a large diameter.
Work with a profiled beam
The technology for building a house from profiled timber is very simple, because thanks to this material the building can be built very easily and quickly: all the details have already been prepared on the machines. Due to the presence of a strictly defined shape, as well as surface treatment, the construction of a building can be greatly simplified.
What is the advantage of such material?
Every wood is distinguished by its natural texture, which is preserved even during processing. The tree is able to "breathe" due to its porous structure, which allows for a very pleasant and healthy microclimate inside. The construction of houses from timber has the following advantages:
- The material is environmentally friendly and safe, which does not contain glued elements. You can be sure that when the temperature drops in the room, harmful fumes from the adhesive components will not be released.
- Such a beam will not delaminate, which means that the walls will always be smooth.
- The construction of houses from profiled timber lasts for several months, and there is no need to do any work on external or internal decoration: just process the wood for better protection.
- Wooden houses warm up well in the winter season and keep cool in the summer. All year round you can live in it with maximum comfort and convenience.
- According to construction technology, a house made of timber does not need a strong foundation. It will be enough to build a pile-screw base, which can easily withstand the load of the walls. It also makes building such a house more economical.
- If you use a bar of natural drying, you will need less time to shrink.
Technology is important
The efficiency of the technology of building a house from a bar is very high, because it is relatively inexpensive and in a short time you can get an excellent result. The construction of the house takes place in several stages:
- The foundation is being built. As soon as the power part of the building, the foundation, the walls, the roof was installed, you need to wait from six months to a year for the house to stand. During this period, vertical shrinkage will occur, excess moisture will leave the walls, which has a negative effect on the condition of the walls and decoration materials. Due to the fact that the construction takes place without nails, but only with the help of wood pins, the shrinkage is carried out evenly, no condensation accumulates inside, which affects the formation of rot.
- Installation of walls, floors, as well as their waterproofing and insulation. A log house is being assembled on the territory of the construction site, thermal insulation is carried out using suitable components.
- The roof is being erected and the battens are installed. It is carried out using boards or timber. Any material can be used as a roof covering, the main thing is to remember to take into account the load on the load-bearing elements of the building.
- The decoration of the building. At this stage, windows, doors are installed, the house is insulated, ceilings and floors are made out, all engineering communications are carried out.
The technology of building a house from a timber 150x150 requires a very clear and rigorous implementation of the above steps.
Floor Mounting Tips
It is the floor that accounts for the greatest load, so it is necessary to carry out the correct calculations and create the floor in full accordance with existing technical recommendations. With improper installation, you can violate the geometry of the entire building, in connection with which the tightness of the walls will be lost.
Floor installation steps
The first row is laid on the foundation, and all materials must be pre-treated with antiseptic substances in order to protect the timber from external influences. The edges of the floor are laid, so that it becomes much stronger. They are installed in the base of the building and are attached to the walls of the log cabins.
Logs are located on opposite sides of the room, are combined, the distance between them is filled with the help of insulation: sawdust, mineral wool, polystyrene. The height of the lags must be adjusted with wedges, fastened to each other with a dowel or anchor. On the received fasteners are placed boards that are attached using self-tapping screws. Materials for insulation and waterproofing are placed through the rough coating on the floor.
The final step is flooring. It can be parquet, laminate or any other material.
Making floors and walls
Each stage must be given maximum attention in order to obtain a qualitative result:
- The walls are erected with the laying of the crown, and between the base of the house and it is imperative to place a layer of waterproofing. For example, you can lay several layers of roofing material.
- Between the bars you need to place layers of jute fiber. This will make it possible to conduct better insulation of the joints. The same material can be placed between the bars.
- The bars must be fastened with pins so that there is no displacement between the materials of the facade.
- During the installation of walls, ceilings are laid: the beam cuts into the crown or special fasteners are used. In this case, you get a reliable and durable design.
To correctly form the corners in the house and reduce heat loss, between the spikes and grooves, thanks to which the beam is connected, you need to place jute fiber. Thus, the corners will not allow drafts, and the landing will be much denser.
To build a union of internal partitions with an external wall, you can do the following: make a groove in the main wall, where the beam for the internal wall will be placed. They can be finished according to the frame technology or processed with the help of lining, drywall.
It takes some time to dry the log house. If a material with natural humidity is used, then first you just need to outline the windows and doors and already lay some bars on them. You can also put a casing.
The technology of building a house from glued beams
This material is characterized by excellent stability, excellent external qualities, and also preserves the ecological qualities of wood. Most often for the construction of buildings used pine or spruce, felled in the winter. This seasonal nuance is explained by the fact that as soon as cold sets in, the juice inside the tree stops moving, the pores close and when the logs dry, they will practically not be deformed. This aspect has a very positive effect on the subsequent use of the material.
Laminated timber has from 2 to 4 lamellas, sawn parts of a whole log, the thickness of which is about 65 millimeters. Pre-workpieces are carefully dried, and combining them together by means of hot gluing and pressing.
To improve the operational characteristics of the material, the lamellas must be placed in opposite directions from each other according to the direction of the "annual rings". The resulting seams will be very reliable, will not be able to pass moisture. These bars continue to breathe. Next, the workpiece is profiled, the surface is treated with a special protective agent. The method of manufacturing the material makes it possible not only to preserve the cellular structure of wood, but also to add lightness.
The technology of building a house from glued beams is very popular, because the finished building gives low shrinkage and cracking, when compared with whole logs. Also, such a house has excellent heat engineering qualities.
The surface of the material is distinguished by its processing, it does not need additional finishing, and the increased accuracy of creating parts and joints allows assembling buildings in a short time.
Finnish methods
The technologies for building country houses from double timber are somewhat different from profiled counterparts. This design consists of two wall components that are connected into a tenon using a special profile. The gap obtained between them is processed using a heater that has sound, vapor and heat insulation qualities. Such a multilayer will not allow condensation to form and will protect the heat.
Finnish technology for building houses from timber involves the use of spruce or pine, because they are relatively light, inexpensive and very simple to process. Before proceeding to use, the workpieces must be dried in special convection chambers. This makes it possible to significantly strengthen the wood and protect against possible decay. Lumber is characterized by excellent consumer properties: it is extremely lightweight, durable, not subject to deformation and cracking.
Finished boards are processed on the machine to get the profile and shape necessary for the project, the surface becomes smooth. To properly implement the technology of building a house from a double beam, grooves and spikes are cut on the product, which will fasten the bars. In such a system, the insulation that is required for a log house or timber structures is not used.
For the future building, angular components will also be required, which will avoid possible freezing of corners and cold drafts.
What are the benefits of this solution?
Often preference is given to this particular technology due to such features:
- Excellent factory quality. Using modern equipment, precise details are obtained. Such quality in artisanal conditions would be impossible to achieve.
- A wall kit is created in just two weeks. The assembly of walls, depending on the features of the project, lasts about 15 days.
- Savings in build time and use. The construction of houses from such a beam is 30% cheaper, in contrast to the same construction using glued beams with a thickness of 200 millimeters. Energy consumption is half as much.
- Construction of the building can be performed at any time of the year, and for the construction of the frame does not need to have special equipment.
- No foundation costs needed. Due to its lightness, the construction will be enough pile-screw base, which is significantly cheaper than tape and monolithic analogues.
- The quality of the walls. They have excellent heat, sound and vapor protective qualities. Front surfaces do not need additional decoration. They are simply treated with special impregnations and, if necessary, painted in a suitable color. Wood always looks great, so you don’t have to look for additional decorative solutions.
- Work inside. All engineering communications are placed in the walls. Sealed seams do not need auxiliary caulking. The sanded surface is completely ready for coating with varnish or paint.
As you can see, this technology has several advantages, which makes it one of the most popular in the market today. In a relatively short period of time and at low cost, you can get the house that you have long dreamed of.