The organization of the boiler installation requires the implementation of a whole range of design and installation activities. Specialists take into account a wide range of initial data, after which they develop a technical solution for specific operating conditions of the equipment. Next, the boiler room is installed by placing, connecting and setting up units recommended for use by designers. Now it’s worth to understand in more detail the sequence and nuances of performing such work.
Preparation of the master plan of the boiler room
At this stage, the removal of a specific territory with a site for the boiler room. The choice of location is made on the basis of the requirements of the development plan of a city, village or rural settlement - depending on the area where it is planned to build a boiler room. Also taken into account are heat supply schemes, engineering and technological units of other communications, as well as access roads to vehicles. Especially for supplying the facility with the necessary resources and materials, the plan should provide for the possibility of passage by road or rail.
On the territory of the facility are enlarged assembly sites, storage facilities, as well as other technical and economic facilities. Often, the installation of a boiler room involves the temporary placement of buildings for the maintenance of complete elements of equipment or premises. For example, if we are talking about a modular configuration, the boiler room will be formed by prefabricated frame parts, for which a storage place should be provided for the duration of construction activities.
Space planning
The design of the object is designed in accordance with a specific set of rules and requirements. Specialists develop the layout of structures and buildings of the boiler room, guided by the principles of profitability, rationality, reliability and safety. At the same time, the rules prescribe the need to follow stylistic accuracy - finishing materials, for example, must match the texture and design of the surrounding composition. The layout is carried out in such a way that the building could accommodate office and utility rooms. From the point of view of ensuring safety, the construction and installation of boiler rooms is implemented taking into account the possibility of placing air-thermal curtains and vestibules. The possibility of expanding the area of the boiler room, mounting openings for the integration of large-block equipment, etc., should not be ruled out.
At the same time, neither attic ceilings nor premises for other purposes can be placed above the boilers themselves. But it is quite possible to organize a boiler room on the roof. The main thing is that the technological zone with working equipment should be separated from the lower room by a fireproof partition. In addition, the installation of a roof boiler room cannot be carried out at production facilities if processing or content of explosive or flammable substances is carried out on the lower floor. There are universal requirements for the selection of equipment for such boiler rooms - the units must provide a steam pressure of not more than 0.07 MPa with a water temperature in the presence of a boiler up to 115 ° C.
Fire safety system development
Calculation and preparation of a plan for the placement of fire-fighting equipment is carried out depending on the type of future boiler room. For example, freestanding rooms and block-modular facilities must be equipped with fire safety systems in accordance with categories I and II of fire resistance. Further, depending on the technological processes of generation and distribution of the heat resource, this degree can increase to IV.
Most often, designers take into account the structural parameters of the structure, on which fire threats largely depend. So, if a warehouse with solid propellant materials is located in the same building with the boiler room, the latter must be separated by a type 1 fire wall, which corresponds to the fire resistance limit of REI 150. The external installation of the boiler room with regard to the installation of enclosing structures should be based on that the area of easily resettable protection elements should be at least 0.03 m. That is, this area should be freed during operation. It also provides for the placement of fire alarm systems, automatic fire extinguishing systems, hydrants, etc.
Selection of boiler plants
Regardless of the layout and components of the boiler house complex, the heating equipment will act as its functional basis. Installations with hot water, steam and steam units can be used. The choice of a specific solution is determined by the needs of the consumer. For example, the installation of a boiler room in private houses is increasingly carried out according to the concept of boiler plants, which, together with thermal energy, provide hot water supply (DHW).
A more detailed calculation of the parameters of a particular equipment is based on performance indicators, efficiency, hydro- and aerodynamic drag. For the same parameters, restrictions can be set. So, the installation of a roof boiler provides for the use of installations with a thermal capacity of up to 5 MW. Facilities with steam units with a capacity of more than 10 MW should include in the infrastructure and independent energy sources (autonomous turbogenerators) with a voltage of about 0.4 kV.
Air duct design
When the characteristics of the buildings and structures of the boiler complex are determined, as well as the type of equipment, the design of the gas-air duct is carried out. This is the technological infrastructure inside the boiler room, which ensures the removal of processed combustion products. In this system, draft devices are provided in the form of smoke exhausters and fan systems, due to which the process of exhausting gases is optimized. At the same stage, the scheme is calculated according to which the boiler pipes will be installed through the pipes connected to the engineering system of the building and to the chimney. Especially for boiler houses, the equipment of which operates under pressurization of the burner mechanisms, the blower fan is selected according to the calculation of the pressure of the exhaust flue gases - that is, the maximum pressure and discharge efficiency are determined.
Installation work
The installation of equipment and the arrangement of auxiliary devices is carried out after the construction of premises has been completed in accordance with the project. Placement of units can be done wall or floor. Depending on the operating conditions of the facility, a set of materials and engineering structures is determined, on the basis of which construction and installation will be carried out. Designing boiler houses on a modular basis allows individual functional blocks to be assembled into special sections. It turns out a prefabricated complex, the components of which can be changed during operation.
Features of installing gas boilers
Certain rules for installation work may be adjusted depending on the type of boiler. The most demanding in this regard is the installation of gas boiler houses. Installation steps in this case may look like this:
- Equipment is being placed in compliance with fire safety rules.
- Installation is in progress on a foundation base made by the type of screed.
- To maintain the required gas pressure, the boiler is supplemented by a gas control unit, which can be located on the same platform with the main equipment.
- Away from the boiler is the gas supply infrastructure with an automated control system.
- Fire extinguishers are installed in the room, to which supply channels are supplied with material suitable for extinguishing a specific type of gas.
Safety device integration
And gas, and solid fuel, and electric boilers require inclusion in the complex of protection systems. In particular, lever-cargo valves, hydraulic locks, electrical safety systems, flip devices and a wide range of sensors detecting fuel leaks, smoke and other factors indicating installation malfunctions are used. In addition, the installation of a modular boiler room provides for the connection of automated devices operating through a single controller. That is, the boiler and its operation modes can be controlled from a computer that also processes information from ventilation units, temperature sensors and other engineering equipment.
Finally
The development of the project and the installation of boiler rooms is a crucial task that requires careful preparation and high qualification of performers. Accordingly, the cost of installing a boiler room cannot be called modest - for example, an object with a thermal capacity of 1 MW can cost 200-300 thousand rubles. With the cost of equipment and turnkey construction work, the price tag can rise to several million. But to this it is worth adding commissioning activities, which also cost at least 100 thousand, if we are talking about full-fledged boiler houses with high performance.