Geodetic control is an ordered system of measurements and calculations that allow you to check the correctness of key geometric parameters during the construction process. The main point of these measures is to ensure all the necessary tolerances and standards specified in the design documentation.
Features of the procedure
The object of control can be not only buildings, but also engineering structures or communications. This means that the verification procedure is designed to ensure the proper quality of all construction and installation works. Geodetic control is carried out during construction activities and implies compliance with the following parameters:
- accuracy of placement of structures, their slopes and geometric parameters;
- the correct location of all elements of the concrete foundation during installation;
- compliance of load-bearing elements, such as columns and blocks, with the requirements of technical documentation.
How is the process going?
The control of the above characteristics is carried out by calculating the axes of buildings and structures relative to special alignment boundaries. To do this, the engineering service forces are placing special brands and benchmarks at a controlled facility. Then the distance between them is measured by high-precision instruments. The obtained values are noted in the logs, the information from which then forms the basis of the reports. The documentation obtained by this method allows you to prevent possible errors in the construction of buildings.
When performing geodetic works, narrow-focus equipment, high-precision measuring instruments and specialized calculation methods are used. Such measures allow you to accurately control the condition of all building structures and parts.
Ways
According to the type of work, geodetic control can be divided into 2 types: continuous and local. The first method involves daily monitoring of the necessary geometric parameters of the building, and the constant presence of specialists at the studied object. This option perfectly shows itself on large-scale facilities, such as stadiums and large shopping complexes, when the volume of work requires permanent monitoring.
Local geodetic control of structures involves measuring the current parameters of the necessary objects on the site. This option will be appropriate for an insignificant amount of construction work, as it allows you to ensure the required quality of measurements without attracting extra funds.
Process steps
Geodetic control in construction involves the following features:
- The construction is accompanied by 2 stages of work. The first is called operational control and is implemented by the construction contractor. The second is selective control carried out by the contracting authority in the process of acceptance of the finished structure or at one of the stages of construction.
- The results recorded in the process of operational control should be displayed in the general journal of work, with the obligatory indication of the number of deviations from the dimensions that are reflected in the project.
- The geodetic control system involves monitoring the accuracy of pouring concrete foundations. The concreting process is preceded by a check of all formwork and reinforcement elements. By measuring the interaxal distances of the surfaces of the panels carry out a routine check; the altitude is controlled by the leveling process.
- Verification of the performance of the glass foundations takes place along axial lines fixed on the ground. The control is carried out by the location of the center axis relative to the lines outlined in advance.
- The compliance of the construction foundation with the quality standards is entered into the document, which is signed by the representative of technical supervision on the one hand, and the employee of the installation company on the other. Layouts of elements with which control is carried out are applied to the drawn up act.
- The process of construction of columns is necessarily preceded by instrumental analysis of compliance with the draft high-altitude provisions. Columns are checked using lateral and horizontal leveling.
- In the process of installing the blocks, their vertical and planned placement is also monitored. The planned position is determined by combining the axes of the blocks with the axes of the walls of the building. The blocks are checked for verticality using a plumb line or level.
High-rise construction control
High-altitude objects during geodetic control are a separate category. Errors made during the construction of such structures can cause serious consequences. Deformations of buildings can be caused by misses in the design, natural influences and the influence of soil conditions. Work on monitoring the deformation processes is an important part in the overall security system used in the design.
The organization of geodetic control is carried out in such a way that, already at the stage of designing a high-rise building , control over the work performed is carried out. During the construction process, engineers of the geodetic service ensure compliance with project documentation. The intervention of specialists is also required during the overhaul of the building, as well as the implementation of work to strengthen the foundation. The control technique in this case is based not only on the technical, but also on the geological features of the place.
Geodetic works during the construction of high-rise structures are carried out exclusively by organizations with special permits. Specialists of such companies should be specially certified to carry out relevant activities. It should also be borne in mind that a high-rise structure usually requires an individual geodetic monitoring system.
Compliance with quality standards
During the construction of buildings and structures, the issue of quality is given increased attention. All operations performed in violation of the standards must be redone. The first step in quality control is incoming inspection. All materials that go to the construction site pass this test. The control shows the compliance of the procurement with the requirements of technical documentation, and the availability of the necessary certificates. Also, incoming inspection reveals defects received during transportation.
The second stage of verification is called operational control. Its purpose is to search and eliminate inconsistencies during the construction process. First of all, the conformity of the quality of work to the existing project and instructions is determined. Such verification is subject to the entire process of work, up to the unloading and storage of materials.
Supervisory activities
An important role in the process of checking the geometric parameters of a structure is played by geodetic quality control. The process consists of checking the initial data of the plan, monitoring the position during the installation process, and analyzing the characteristics of the finished structure. During the construction, load-bearing and enclosing structural elements are also checked. Data collection using geodetic tools is carried out only for those sections of buildings whose geometry accuracy affects the correct installation of other structures.
Acceptance of work
The acceptance process of the finished building takes place on the basis of the approved project. Before delivery, you must prepare the following documentation:
- drawings of finished structures;
- certificates and passports for reinforced concrete products;
- documents confirming the quality of consumables used during installation, such as electrodes and fasteners;
- laboratory analyzes of welded joints;
- certificates confirming the qualifications of workers;
- results of geodetic measurements;
- documents for installation and welding.
About half of the accidents and problems with the operation of buildings are caused by violations of the construction process. Most of these defects do not appear immediately, but during operation. The primary task of the geodetic control of buildings is the timely identification and prevention of defects during the construction process.