Monolithic structures are much stronger and more durable than prefabricated structures, but sometimes because of too large sizes it is necessary to build prefabricated buildings. To solve this problem of the construction of large buildings, you can use formwork. This is the name of a system consisting of a closed frame. For its manufacture, an aluminum profile of high strength is used. Jumpers are used as stiffeners . Shields for construction are laminated plywood. This system, which significantly speeds up the work, is easy to transport and easy to install.
Classification
Aluminum formwork is conventionally divided into several types according to different parameters.
By type of product design there are:
- Universal.
- Linear.
- Corner
In this case, corner products are hinged, rectangular, external and internal. But they can be replaced by ordinary linear models, which are placed in relation to one another at an angle of 90 °, after which they are firmly fixed. To properly adjust the size of the system to the parameters of a particular design, additional elements are used.
According to the purpose, the products are divided into the following types: universal, in-line, wall, columned. But regardless of the type and type of system, its main characteristics are the highest accuracy of forms, multifunctionality.
Scope of application
Aluminum formwork is an inventory equipment suitable for reusable assembly. It is impossible to replace anything else with the
construction of reinforced concrete structures and other structures of any height. Apply the system in the construction of both industrial facilities and private buildings.
Most often, aluminum panel formwork is used for installation work at high altitudes: due to its light weight, you do not need to use a crane to move it, but you can do everything manually. But here, where architectural structures, tunnels, bridges and other structures are erected, which during operation will be subjected to intense loads, heavy shields are usually used.
Advantages, disadvantages
The following features are considered advantages:
- Longevity of operation.
- Universal geometry of shields and the ability to use them in different ways.
- Light weight aluminum formwork, which greatly simplifies all installation work.
- Ability to work on a limited area.
- Easy installation.
- Wear resistance.
- Excellent anti-corrosion performance of aluminum.
- The result is the use of wall structures with a smooth high-quality surface, so that no additional processing is required.
- Ability to work in any weather and temperature indicators.
Unfortunately, aluminum formwork also has disadvantages. This is a high cost, the susceptibility of the deformation framework, the need to clean the surfaces of concrete mortar.
Mounting technology
Before starting the installation of the structure, it is necessary to prepare the site - remove large debris, construction elements that may interfere with work, pour crushed stone to the bottom, under the base. Further work takes place with constant monitoring of the correct installation of all elements using the level in the following order:
- Breakdown of foundation axes.
- Marking the surface according to the design. To do this, use paint, pegs.
- Assembling the base with special locks. There must be at least three of them per meter of the system. Locks are steel, elongated, wedge, cast pivots.
- Installation of all elements of the system, including angular.
- Installation of supports.
- The assembled aluminum wall formwork is tested for strength.
- The frame and deck are lubricated with oil, this will facilitate dismantling in the future.
All panels for the system are made in the form of interchangeable modules, so they can be turned either side to the structure.
After the vertical panels are installed, using a plumb line, their exact location is checked and, if necessary, they are adjusted so that the maximum surface difference does not exceed 2 cm. Then, plywood panels are laid in special grooves and the mortar is filled.
Dismantling
Before the aluminum wall formwork will be dismantled, it is necessary to make sure that the concrete has solidified at least 70%. This usually occurs three weeks after pouring the solution. First of all, the elements are removed from the corners of the structure, since the smallest load falls on them. After 24 hours, the external brackets and mounts are removed, and only then can the panels be removed. But this must be done very carefully and carefully, otherwise you can damage the edges or concrete coating of the structure. In other words, the quality of the construction depends not only on thorough and high-quality assembly, but also on careful dismantling.
Homemade or purchased design?
Often, because of the rather high cost of the shuttering system, craftsmen use home-made products when building a house or business buildings. They can be either removable or non-removable. For production, any available material is used:
- Decking. Advantages - affordable cost, additional surface protection. The disadvantage is a wavy surface, on which it will subsequently be much more difficult to mount the insulation and the final finish.
- Tree. Advantages - availability, the ability to make any form. Disadvantages - long work on assembling the system, low strength: the tree may not support the weight of concrete.
- Galvanized metal. Advantages - quick installation, durability. Minus - low resistance to high humidity.
Given the shortcomings and advantages of these materials, the systems of them are best made removable.
Well, what to do if a large building will be erected and the material for the manufacture of formwork will cost too much? It is best if the aluminum formwork is leased, since it is unprofitable to buy such an expensive product for a single use.