The assembly speed and low cost of construction using Canadian technology makes frame houses more and more popular in Russia. However, there are skeptical consumers who are frightened by the fire hazard of the base material and its vulnerability to high humidity.
To reduce the negative qualities of frame structures to a minimum, builders began to use new materials - DSP. Houses made of cement-bonded particleboards have a longer service life and are characterized by better fire resistance. And what are the features of such a facing, how it is made and what properties such structures acquire, we will tell in the article.
Why are DSP materials better than familiar counterparts?
Canadian technology for building houses involves the use of sandwich panels, consisting of two sheets of OSB-plates and insulation laid between them. Such a lining is quite warm, but vulnerable to external factors.
In order to increase the service life of frame buildings, Canadian houses from TsSP were begun to be erected. The products are cement-bonded particleboards made of wood chips and cement.
In appearance, they resemble drywall sheets, but their operational characteristics are much higher. Chip filler allows you to preserve the heat-insulating properties of OSB-plates, while the new material is able to withstand fire and tolerates moisture much better.
Plate manufacturing technology
DSP for exterior decoration of the house is made from wood chips of coniferous and deciduous species. Raw materials are thoroughly dried, ground and mixed with Portland cement.
The prepared mixture is decomposed into molds and subjected to pressing, which allows to achieve absolute smoothness of the surface. The resulting boards are sent for heat treatment, where the products are completely dried within 8 hours.
Within 14 days, the boards completely harden, lose moisture and gain maximum strength. Products are rejected and go on sale.
All finished products are divided into 2 types:
The differences are in the thickness of the plates and a slight difference in the level of strength. Standard sheets are 3200 and 3600 mm long and 1200 and 1250 mm wide. But the thickness of the products varies from 8 to 40 mm. Plate thickness indicators determine the scope of its application.
The most durable options are used for the exterior cladding of buildings, and the more subtle ones are used to create piers and a subfloor.
Specifications
The main properties of the material depend on the physical and mechanical qualities of the raw materials used. Plates retain heat, like natural wood, have high strength and considerable weight, like concrete products. These two qualities make houses from DSP quite popular.
Other indicators of cement-bonded particleboards are as follows:
- hardness - 4000 -4500 MPa;
- ability to pass heat - 0.26 W;
- heat capacity of products - 1.15 kJ;
- biological resistance - grade 4;
- frost resistance without loss of initial properties - over 50 freezing cycles;
- the ability to absorb moisture when immersed in water - not more than 16%.
The resistance of the material to temperature extremes and high humidity allows you to build houses from DSP in any climate. Plates are perfectly suitable as cladding for unheated buildings, where the use of wooden finishes is unacceptable.
How do houses made of cement-bonded particleboards differ from analogues from OSB?
A frame house made of DSP panels has all the positive qualities of wood and cement: it is quite warm and durable. At the same time, the walls do not have a harmful effect on the human body, since the plate does not include formaldehydes and other toxic substances.
Also, the advantages include resistance to mold and fungi. Cement surfaces are devoid of the main drawback of frame structures - exposure to bugs, insects and rodents. Such walls perfectly retain heat indoors and do not allow moisture to penetrate inside the house.
Another advantage of wooden houses from DSP is considered fire safety. Plates are classified as low-combustible and low-flammable materials, they do not spread flame and emit a minimum amount of smoke during combustion.
Are there any drawbacks to frame houses with casing from DSP?
If we talk about the disadvantages of such a cladding, then the first thing to mention is the large weight of the products. Cement, which is part of the slab, significantly aggravates the material. Because of this, difficulties arise when transporting sheets and in the process of their installation on the frame. For buildings of a large area, the creation of a reinforced base is required, which can lead to higher construction costs.
Also, experts note the fragility of sheets on bends. Mount the plates on flat surfaces. If there are minor irregularities on the frame, it is better to take the material for cladding with a small margin.
Construction technology
The process of erecting and decorating a house with DSP panels does not differ significantly from the standard Canadian construction technology. First, the frame of the necessary strength is expelled, and then its lining is carried out.
Sheets are quite easy to process: they are cut, sanded and fixed with screws. First, the frame is sheathed from the outside. After that, a heater (most often mineral wool) and a vapor barrier material are installed. Then the internal walls of the building are created.
The thickness of the outer wall of the DSP is in the range from 20 to 25 cm, while its thermal conductivity is minimal and corresponds to the ergonomics of brick buildings (with a wall thickness of 80 cm).
What finishes can DSP materials be exposed to?
All houses from sip panels (from DSP) require mandatory protection from the outside. Such surfaces can be plastered and finished with clinker tiles. Especially popular are frame houses with a ventilated facade system. This finish reliably protects the walls from negative external influences and does not interfere with the air exchange of the walls.
If you decide to independently perform the wall cladding from DSP, take into account some features of working with similar surfaces.
Namely:
- When using ceramic or clinker cladding, walls are pre-prepared. A fiberglass sickle is fixed on them, the surface is treated with a primer. In the process of mounting the mesh, compositions for woodwork are used.
- Facing is carried out in three rows. After each step, time is allowed to dry the mortar and prevent the tiles from slipping.
- The finished cladding is left for 24 hours, after which the joints are grouted.
If you want to give the wall additional resistance to moisture, cover the surface with a protective varnish.
Features of working with DSP materials
If the house sheathing with DSP boards is performed for the first time, the best solution is to perform work without taking into account window and door openings. This will prevent damage to the material and greatly simplify the work. The necessary holes are best cut after sheathing the entire frame.
Joining adjacent plates is recommended to be treated with sealant. So you exclude the possibility of cold air entering the room.
As fasteners, use self-tapping screws in yellow and white. They have a protective coating that prevents the development of corrosion. This will help extend the life of the assembled walls.
The cost of facing from TsSP
The price tag for chipboards depends on the thickness you choose. For each type of work, products with specific parameters are selected. So, for cladding the facade of the building, it is customary to use plates with a width of 12 to 16 mm. Their cost varies in the range from 800 to 1100 rubles per sheet.
To create visors, window sills and other similar structures, products with widths from 20 to 36 mm are purchased. They have a price tag from 1300 to 2500 rubles per sheet. It is not worth using such varieties for the manufacture of walls, as thick plates will put a heavy load on the frame and base of the building.
In the process of erecting interior partitions and for mounting the base under the floor covering, plates from 8 to 20 mm are used. Their price tag starts at 560 rubles and reaches about 1200 rubles per sheet.
Experienced builders recommend purchasing large volumes of slabs, as this significantly affects their final cost: the unit price tag is much higher than for bulk purchases.
Reviews
Owners of private buildings, who decided to sheathe the house with DSP boards, have already managed to appreciate the merits of this material. Most of them chose cement-bonded sheets because of their environmental friendliness and resistance to fire. The latter property allowed the construction of frame houses to residents of the southern regions, where fires are often observed in the summer.
Professional builders note the ease of use and the easy installation of chipboards. If in the process of work not the thickest varieties are used, then you can raise one plate even without the help of special equipment.
Experienced craftsmen recommend cutting thick sheets with a circular saw with a disk for working on wood. Thin varieties are easy to hacksaw. The holes for the fasteners are made using a drill with a conventional drill.
Facing the house outside with DSP boards does not take much time, which is especially pleasing to private craftsmen. It is possible to build a utility room or garage from this material in just a couple of days.
Owners of houses with walls from TsSP note significant tangible energy savings. Once a heated house maintains an optimal microclimate for 2-5 days.
Residents of frame houses with cement-bonded cladding are also talking about the high soundproofing properties of such buildings. Unlike walls made of OSB-plates, partitions made of sheets with Portland cement do not let in extraneous sounds.
To summarize
So, what are attractive frame houses from DSP? Firstly, they have a longer service life than buildings with plywood lining. The ability of the material to endure 50 freezing cycles suggests that the warranty period of such a building is about fifty years.
If earlier you were embarrassed by the fire hazard of frame buildings, then with the use of cement-bonded particleboards, you can forget about this drawback. If ignition of any part of the stove occurs, the fire will spread very slowly.
The characteristics of the DSP indicate that this material is optimally suited for the construction of houses in the harsh Russian climate. Such walls will not begin to rot due to high humidity and will retain their initial dimensions after sharp jumps in air temperature and humidity level. All this suggests that frame houses from DSP should pay attention to everyone who is thinking about building economical and practical housing.