If you live in an old house, then replacing the wiring is simply necessary. It is difficult for old power grids to withstand the loads exerted on them by modern electrical equipment. They simply do not meet the new safety requirements.
The means of protection used to make the simplest requirements. For example, only an electric stove was grounded. Many Russians regularly make repairs in the apartment, but their hands do not reach the replacement of electric networks. Everything works fine, so there are no problems, but it’s not. They will appear, but it will be too late.
Do-it-yourself replacement of wiring will save the family budget and get an electrical network that matches modern electrical equipment, have good sockets and switches in the right and convenient place.
Work on replacing the electrical network must be carried out in accordance with all the rules and comply with modern safety requirements. Only then can we guarantee a comfortable family stay in this room.
Electrical installation conditions
A professional electrician and home master should know and comply with certain requirements when installing new electrical networks:
The wiring in the apartment is replaced entirely. When changing wires in parts, many unnecessary and unnecessary connections are formed. Old aluminum wires can get microcracks when bent, and this can lead to their failure, you will have to open the wall again and repair.
Before starting the wiring replacement, an arrangement is made for the location of sockets and switches, lighting devices. The places where energy-intensive devices will stand are determined, separate lines are drawn for them, so it will not be easy to rearrange them subsequently.
Be sure to calculate the energy consumption for each line. Power consumption for each should not exceed 5 kW.
Do not save on the quality of outlets, switches and other small things. The better it is, the safer it is to live in such an apartment.
It is better to change the wiring before starting the plastering work. Corrugated or smooth tubes are used for laying. At the junction of the wires, special boxes are installed, they provide free access to them.
Replacing the wiring should be carried out according to the simplest scheme, which will make it possible to easily make the next repair. Aluminum wiring lasts about 30 years, copper longer.
Electrical wiring of a private house
Replacing wiring in a private house is not much different from changing wires in an apartment. The difference is that houses are two-story or more. To this are added various sources for connecting the electrical network.
The electrical wiring of the apartment is connected to the power supply panel, it is located on the landing of the house, and a private cottage is connected from the power line or from the village transformer. The principle of wiring in a private house is the same as in an ordinary apartment.
A layout of all sockets, switches, household appliances and lighting fixtures is drawn up. The old wiring is dismantled and a new one is installed.
Electrical wiring consists of 2 groups: lighting devices and sockets. As a result, it is mounted in the room from two different parts. One is responsible for lighting devices, the other for sockets. The load on the network will also be different, so the wire is often used different. The use of two electrical wiring facilitates repairs in the event of an accident. If lighting devices stopped working in the evening, then you can turn on additional ones using the outlet.
Replacing the wiring in the house can be open or hidden, it all depends on the material from which the house is made. If it has several floors, then each must be connected separately. It is desirable that each room be connected separately and have two automatic machines. One is responsible for sockets, the other for lighting. With this connection scheme, a short circuit in one room will not affect the supply of electricity to other rooms.
According to the instructions, all modern appliances must be grounded, so in a private house you need to have a good ground loop. The electric cable in this possession is carried out in a vertical or horizontal direction, do not get carried away with loops and bends, they are unacceptable.
Replacing wiring in an apartment
Many Russians are reluctant to take such a step as replacing old wiring. Only a hopeless situation forces them to do the job. It is worth noting that the timely replacement of wiring allows you to protect the housing from many problems.
Electrical wiring replacement project
When starting to replace the wiring, remember that everything must be done according to the requirements and standards for laying electrical networks in the apartment. The main thing to do first of all is to calculate the future consumed load of all the electrical equipment of the apartment and choose the appropriate electric cable.
Preliminary work
Initial calculations:
For energy-intensive appliances, plan a separate line that can withstand the maximum load.
Choose the most convenient place for sockets and switches.
To pick up lighting devices in advance for all rooms of the apartment.
Calculate the energy consumption that will be consumed by all electrical appliances and equipment installed in the apartment. It is simple to do: each device has a passport where the necessary parameters are indicated. The total consumption must be increased by a certain amount (in case other electrical appliances are added).
To avoid possible errors, consult a specialist.
Replacing the wiring in a panel house is carried out in two ways.
Remove the old plaster, remove the worn-out wiring and put a new one in the freed grooves.
Leave the old wiring in the walls, and for the new one, make grooves and lay the prepared cable in them.
The first option is preferable. This will avoid mistakes, the old wiring was mounted in accordance with all the rules and was adopted by a special commission.
Purchasing the right equipment
Work should only begin after all the necessary equipment and small things have been purchased. Do not save, purchase only high-quality equipment. It will be located in places where access is difficult, there is no possibility to constantly monitor them, so there must be confidence in their operability and technical serviceability.
To work on replacing the wiring you will need: a cable of the desired cross-section and length, tubes for laying wiring in them, devices for distributing and switching wiring, sockets, switches, the right tool to do the job efficiently and quickly.
Selection of appliances and materials
The first step is to determine which cable will be used - aluminum or copper. Both can be used, but copper has the best technical characteristics of electrical conductivity.
It is better to entrust the choice of cable conductor cross-section to specialists, they will do it more professionally than a home master.
List of work when replacing an old cable
Replacing wiring in Khrushchev is no different from the order of work in an ordinary apartment. When replacing an old cable, existing and newly laid grooves are used.
Arranging a new wiring
The work of replacing the old internal electrical networks in the apartment is divided into several stages:
Old ones are cleaned and new channels for electrical wiring are prepared.
The places where new switches and sockets, distribution boxes will be located are deepening.
Installation wiring.
Switchboard installation.
Old canals are cleaned, and new ones are prepared using a wall chaser, grinder. It is better to work in a respirator and ear plugs, so the respiratory system will be protected from dust, and the ears from loud noise. The work is dirty, try to immediately remove concrete chips and dust. An excellent assistant in this you will be a vacuum cleaner.
After the channels, recesses are prepared for junction boxes, sockets and switches. To perform this work, a hammer drill with various nozzles is used. At the end of the recess, they are cleaned of dirt and dust.
After preparing the channels, wiring begins. Cable installation must be carried out strictly adhering to the intended plan. The electrical wiring in the channels is fastened with plaster, mounting clamps.
When connecting copper wires, their ends are soldered using solder. The final stage of work is the installation of a power electrical panel. The cable is formed by the power of the lines, and a separate machine is installed for each group. This will provide better protection for wiring and electrical appliances and will allow you to monitor the condition of the electrical network in the apartment.
Installation of electrical wiring must be done so as to have easy access to it during operation and the occurrence of emergency situations.
Check
After completing all work, the electrical network must be checked. This is done by a special device - a megger. It measures the insulation resistance of a cable. If everything complies with accepted standards, you can turn on the power supply. Inspection and correctly performed work will guarantee the impossibility of a short circuit or, even worse, a fire.
If the check and the first start-up went fine, then you can proceed to the finishing work.
Summary
Replacing the wiring, at first glance, is not so difficult. I drilled the grooves, replaced the cable - and that’s it. But actually it is not. Replacing the electrical network in the apartment is a painstaking and well thought out work, so it must be carried out strictly according to the developed plan, adhering to all the rules and the advice of professional electricians. If you have completed all the work correctly, then the apartment will receive a reliable and safe wiring.
Replacing wiring in a car
Over time, the wiring in the car wears out. The contacts are oxidized, rust appears in some places, and even breakdown, due to all these problems, the fuse is constantly on.
Now there are various gadgets and add-ons that are also connected to worn-out wiring. Over time, it becomes like a bunch of noodles, tied in some places with insulation. This situation can be corrected only if the wiring is replaced (VAZ, for example).
The easiest way is to contact a professional electrician. It will solve the problem, but it will cost part of your home budget.
If you have confidence that you can do the work yourself, then prepare the electrical circuits and go to the car shop. Get in it all the materials you need to replace the wiring and get to work. It is worth noting that the wiring in the car should be replaced only with 100% confidence in success.