Today, various technologies aimed at the rapid construction of frame houses represent the basis for the construction of low-rise cottage-type buildings, the accommodation in which is characterized by increased comfort. This technology, as well as systems of standards for the construction of small houses, will be discussed in this article.
Low-rise construction technology
The modern construction industry in Russia uses a number of unique technologies for the construction of low buildings. Among them are:
- wooden and metal frame housing construction;
- multilayer structures, the so-called "sandwich" buildings;
- ordinary brick construction;
- the use of foam concrete or aerated concrete blocks;
- the construction of structures with fixed formwork;
- construction of stone.
Using the most modern technologies, as well as high-class building materials, at the initial stage of construction, the maximum level of heat saving, strength and durability of finished structures is achieved.
Due to the pre-planned arrangement of future rooms and various auxiliary rooms, it is possible to carry out installation work on laying communication routes with much greater efficiency.
Canadian technology is a benchmark for low-rise construction
Often, the construction of low-rise buildings is based on Canadian technology. Their essence is the use of special SIP panels. Thanks to this material, it is possible to achieve a lower level of cost of the finished building. And this is achieved due to the low material consumption.
SIP panels have a number of significant advantages compared to brick or concrete. So, for example, the thermal insulation properties of such panels are 8 times higher than the characteristics of concrete and brick walls. Therefore, in order to heat a room that has walls made of SIP panels, much less financial investment will be required.
Brick - material for centuries
Despite the fact that brick belongs to a rather expensive building material, the popularity and demand for it from this does not decrease at all. And this is due primarily to the fact that a brick house is a building for centuries.
In addition, you can also highlight such advantages of a brick as:
- the possibility of applying various styles in the construction of a brick low-rise building, which allows you to create real masterpieces of architecture;
- since only natural clay is used in the brick production process, it can rightfully be called an environmentally friendly material;
- the ability of the brick to “breathe” or, in other words, to perfectly pass air makes it possible to create a microclimate of the premises favorable for living;
- high noise insulation, resistance to fire and various negative environmental reactions in the form of rain, hurricane, snow, as well as the ability to retain heat;
- the detrimental effect of various pests, fungi, molds, microorganisms on the brick is absolutely not scary.
Aerated concrete - aesthetics and reliability
Modern low-rise housing makes extensive use of aerated concrete or artificial stone. Meeting all modern standards and requirements, this material allows you to combine the aesthetics of such a building with the most important conditions for a comfortable stay. In other words, aerated concrete houses are frost-resistant, with excellent heat and sound insulation.
The ergonomics of the cottages built from the mentioned material can significantly reduce the financial costs of heating.
The relatively light weight of aerated concrete blocks facilitates the process of erecting a residential structure without the use of additional heavy lifting special equipment, and also allows you to accept absolutely any type of foundation.
Construction of a low-rise house from a bar
Along with the use of ordinary timber, lately more and more preferences are given to profiled timber. Its significant difference lies in the design itself, which has special grooves and spikes.
Among the main advantages of profiled timber, compared with ordinary, the following can be distinguished:
- thanks to the production technology itself, which implies the use of a planing machine, at least one of the sides of this product will have an ideally smooth and smooth surface;
- Thanks to the groove-tongue design, the formation of slots is minimized.
Technology of low-rise monolithic houses
As a rule, modern monolithic houses have a unique design of fixed formwork. Among the indisputable advantages of such buildings can be identified:
- high level of heat and sound insulation;
- lack of need to use heavy special equipment;
- the possibility of using absolutely any type of foundation, thanks to the rather light weight of the structure;
- durability (proven by many years of practice).
The role of stone in building a house
The most affordable building material is still stone. The rich variety of color palette of rocks, species, textures allows you to embody the most incredible ideas and fantasies in building a house. Along with this, this building material is characterized by a fairly high level of strength, reliability and durability.
In addition, it is possible to highlight the unique compatibility of the stone with other building materials.
Low-rise construction: projects of modern buildings
The branch of construction design of low-rise buildings is classified in several directions.
1. Country buildings.
A country house is an object located on a specially allocated land for this purpose in an array of any gardening. An essential feature of a country house that distinguishes it, for example, from a cottage, is the destination area, designed for periodic residence. In order to build a country house, no special coordination measures will be required. However, the construction of the house itself has a number of restrictions imposed by law. Therefore, before proceeding to the immediate stage of construction, it is necessary to reconcile with the current legislation.
2. Residential individual buildings.
According to the modern urban planning code in force on the territory of the Russian Federation, an individual residential building is a house with no more than three floors and designed to accommodate only one family. Such low-rise construction is usually located on the territory of “land of settlements”. These houses provide for registration. Before the construction of individual housing, it is mandatory to obtain a permit issued by the Department of Architecture. Modern construction companies mainly offer their customers a list of typical IZHS projects, which you can familiarize yourself with and make a choice directly with the developer.
3. Townhouse.
Townhouse is a low-rise residential building with the construction of multi-level apartments. Each apartment has its own entrance, isolated from the rest. The fashion for low-rise construction of townhouses came to us from Europe, where this industry has flourished for a long time and successfully. Such a significant demand for this kind of housing, which has been outlined recently, is completely not accidental. Indeed, for a sum of money equivalent to, say, a two-room apartment, the buyer receives a living space of almost 2 times more, and in addition to this, a small plot of land, approximately 1-2 hundred parts. The entire list of project documentation for the construction of a townhouse is similar to IZHS.
4. The project of a low-rise apartment building.
Such structures are similar to standard apartment buildings, with the only difference being that the number of floors does not exceed four. The design feature of such buildings is provided to choose from. It can be either monolithic technology, or brick or frame.
Compliance with construction technologies - a guarantee of obtaining a high-quality result
The construction of low buildings implies the mandatory observance of a huge number of rules and standards, in other words, the so-called SNIP. Low-rise construction in compliance with a certain framework of technical standards will make it possible to get not only a beautiful, but also a cozy and safe house that can provide maximum comfort to all family members.
And constantly changing technologies can give the house brightness, individuality and dynamism.