No modern repair today, perhaps, can do without putty. This building mixture is indispensable, but it is important to choose it correctly, which applies not only to the walls, but also to the ceiling. When visiting a store, consumers quite often encounter difficulty - which putty should be preferred for walls and ceilings. Mixtures can differ among themselves in many factors, but among the main ones, the purpose and composition should be highlighted.
Varieties of putty in composition
When considering types of putty, you should pay attention to the ingredients. Mortars usually provide for the presence of three main components, this also applies to putties. Among other substances that are used to make the described mixture, it is worth highlighting:
- solvent;
- filler;
- astringent.
Classifying the putty by composition, one should take into account the type of binder, because sand almost always acts as a filler, while the solvent is water. So, putty in composition can be divided into:
Cement putty
Various types of putty are on sale today, among others cement-based mixes should be highlighted. These solutions have fine granularity of the constituents. Cement of the M400 or M500 brand acts as a binder. The filler is river sand, usually quartz, because it is characterized by small crystals and a complete absence of impurities.
Cement putty for walls is good in that it has high strength, and it can be damaged only by purposefully striking the surface. Another important plus is water resistance, so putty can be used for bathrooms and pools, as well as other rooms where conditions will differ in high humidity.
Considering the types of putties for walls, it is necessary to pay attention to the cement variety, because it can even be used for facade cladding due to water resistance and strength. The formed layer will be able to undergo aggressive environmental influences. But such mixtures also have disadvantages. They are expressed in the fact that the material shrinks after drying, and also does not differ in elasticity, so cracks can occur on the surface. In addition, the applied layer will dry for a long time.
Gypsum putty
In this case, gypsum acts as a binder. Similar mixtures are used in preparation before staining. With the help of such compositions it is possible to achieve a perfectly flat surface at the final stage. If we make a comparison with the cement "brother", then the gypsum compositions dry quite quickly and do not shrink. This type of putty should be used as quickly as possible, because it can begin to dry out even before it is applied to the surface.
Such mixtures are used in well-heated and dry rooms, because gypsum does not tolerate moisture and swells from water. Therefore, it can not be used for exterior decoration. There are no harmful impurities among the ingredients, the material is safe for human health. If the surface is treated with this compound, then mold will not appear on it, and the layer will allow air to pass through perfectly. The material does not burn, but has low strength and can not cope with temperature extremes.
Polymer putties
If you will use putty for repair work, the types and purpose of this material must be considered. Among others, polymer mixtures should be distinguished, which from the point of view of technical characteristics can be called ideal. Polymeric components act as a binder. The solution combined the main advantages of the previous mixtures and is almost devoid of disadvantages. To be more precise, there is only one minus - the cost.
Polymer-based solutions are expensive, but are versatile. They are durable, not afraid of the effects of temperature and moisture, dry quickly and have a high degree of elasticity. During application, you will be pleasantly surprised by the low consumption of the composition. Using this solution, you can achieve almost a mirror surface. This type of putty for outdoor use is excellent, because it is moisture resistant and has high strength.
How to choose a putty for its intended purpose
The types of putties listed above can also be classified by purpose. Depending on the area of use, the solutions may contain ingredients of different fractions and suggest the presence of plasticizers, as well as additional components. Considering the types of putty for the ceiling and walls, you can divide them into:
- starting;
- universal;
- finishing.
The former are used for alignment, while the latter are used to form a decorative layer.
Starting putty
It is used for the first layer, as it allows you to smooth the surface after plastering. Such putties are characterized by a large fraction of the components, which indicates high strength. The mixture is characterized by high adhesion, but it can vary depending on the base. Cement compounds are usually used as starting putty. When choosing a starting solution, it is necessary to pay attention to the permissible thickness of the laid layer. This parameter must be between 0 and 25 mm.
Decorative putty
When considering the types of putty, you should pay attention to the finishing mixes that are applied after the starting formulations. They have a small fraction and allow you to form a layer up to 4 mm, which allows you to achieve a flat surface suitable for decoration.
The strength of the finishing putty is not so high, but this is a plus, because it is easy to process it with sandpaper. Finishing putty is usually used when it is planned to apply materials like varnish coatings, paints or textile wallpapers. In all these cases, it is important that the surface is perfectly smooth, because the flaws will be visible differently.
Universal putties
These compositions are multicomponent and combine the properties of finishing and leveling solutions. This option is a great solution for non-professionals. Universal putties allow one leveling and finishing processing with one material. Using solutions of this type, gypsum blocks can be joined , chips cleaved and cracks covered.
Varieties of putty for GKL
Various types of gypsum plaster putties are on sale today. However, they are classified according to the above principles. Most often for gypsum plaster compositions are used. But you can also divide mixtures for drywall according to the purpose, they are:
- leveling;
- specialized;
- mixtures of the second layer.
When choosing a leveling compound, you should pay particular attention to the main component. It can be polymers, cement or gypsum. The latter option is not recommended for rooms with high humidity. But cement compositions show excellent performance even in wet conditions, but over time microcracks may appear on the surface. In terms of performance, these two types are superior to polymer putties, however, they will have to pay a high cost.
Additional recommendations for choosing putty for the ceiling
For the ceiling, putties are usually offered, which have a finer fraction of particles within 0.3 mm. As for the usual basic compositions, the particle fractionation in them does not exceed 0.6 mm. This allows the application of a less thick layer. Polymer putty contains the smallest particles - up to 0.2 mm in diameter.
Such compositions are suitable for finishes where a smooth, thin leveling layer is needed. In order to determine what the minimum layer thickness is, it is necessary to multiply the size of the fraction by 3. The finished mixture for the ceiling should be applied as thin as possible, after leveling you can get a solid and even surface. It is important to properly prepare the draft base, it should be cleaned and make sure that it is strong enough. Putty putty on plastic, metal and glass is unacceptable.
Conclusion
The cementitious appearance of the external putty is suitable for facade decoration more than others. After all, this material is resistant to negative environmental factors and is able to show durability during operation. But for internal work it is quite possible to choose gypsum or polymer putties, which can be applied in layers of different thicknesses, which will depend on the purpose of the mixture.