The accumulation of water on the roof can cause the destruction of the coating layers, and, as a result of this, this part of the structure can become completely unusable. To prevent this, a metal gutter is provided in the roof structure to remove accumulated moisture. In the absence of this system, not only the roof cover can be destroyed , but also other elements of the building, such as the foundation and walls. High-quality assembly and installation of the drainage system will ensure a long service life of the entire structure.
Gutter system materials
The drainage system of the premises is made from different types of building materials. Moreover, each type of raw material has both positive and negative properties. A metal gutter is the most common construction for protecting most types of buildings. When choosing materials, it is good to take into account the following information:
- Steel with a galvanized surface has a low cost. However, it has several disadvantages, for example, the surface is susceptible to various effects, corrosion after some time during operation.
- Polymer-coated galvanized steel is resistant to corrosive reactions, but has a high cost.
- Plastic is an inexpensive and durable material, and it is also easy to assemble. But there are a few facts to consider. For example, it is very important to design a sewage system made of plastic in such a way that there is no formation of stagnation of water, since at low temperatures this can lead to the destruction of pipes. In addition, during installation, it is necessary to use special sealants and gaskets for connection.
- Drains made of copper are corrosion resistant and have a beautiful appearance. The disadvantages of such elements include the high cost and fragility of the effects of deformation of a different nature.
Calculation of the drainage system
If the choice fell on metal drains, the prices of which depend on the diameter of the pipe and processing during production, then the design calculations are carried out as follows. In this case, take into account that such a system has several elements:
- exhaust channels equipped with couplings and supporting devices;
- device for receiving water;
- devices designed to rotate tap channels;
- drainpipes having fasteners and connecting devices.
When performing the calculation, the diameter of the drainage channels and the number of devices for receiving water are taken as the main parameter. As a rule, the number of funnels is taken equal to the number of roof corners. But with a large coverage area and a small number of roof corners, this value is projected more.
The calculation of the system is usually carried out by specialists who will provide the best option for the device of such a system with quality data. However, such a calculation can be done independently if you know the following points:
- For buildings and premises with a small area of roofing, use the appropriate dimensions of the parts. So, with an area not exceeding 70 m 2 , pipes with a diameter of 50–75 mm are used, and the dimensions of the exhaust channels are 70–115 mm.
- For rooms with a roof area not exceeding 100 m 2 , pipes with a diameter of 75–100 mm and exhaust channels with a width of 115–130 mm are used.
- Channels with a width of 140–200 mm and pipes with a diameter of 90–160 mm are used for roofs with an area of more than 100 m 2 .
When installing a metal drain, it is necessary to provide for the correct slope. If the angle of inclination is insufficient, the channel will be filled with water, and if the angle is excessive, the funnel will not be able to cope with the flow of water. The optimum slope is 2–4 mm per meter.
Gutter system installation
The quality of the building largely depends on how the metal gutters are installed , the installation of which has several nuances. These works can be carried out independently, but it would be nice to know several principles:
- The system should be installed before roofing.
- The brackets are fastened to the element of the end of the roof or to the base of the rafters. It is also necessary to provide additional connection elements at the corners of the channels and funnels. In this case, you need to install the gutters so that the edge of the roof falls in the middle of the channels. In this case, with heavy rainfall, the water will not go beyond the edge of the canals.
- To properly tilt the gutters, you need to know the position of the first and last bracket. By installing these two fasteners and stretching the rope between them, they create a guide line for the remaining channels. The rest of the fastenings are performed on it. On the brackets fix the design of the gutters using plates.
- Assembly and fastening of drainage system drain elements. The pipe must be mounted at a distance of 3-8 cm from the wall, this will ensure that the surface of the walls is protected from moisture. At the same time, a fastening step of –1.5 m is provided, and the number of funnels is calculated taking into account that one element per 10 m of channel or 100 m 2 of roof area.
A metal gutter will provide long-term service and excellent protection to the building. At the same time, this design fits perfectly into the external interior of any building.