Overlappings between floors in a private house are structures that divide the premises in height, forming floors. These designs separate the basement and attic rooms from the main ones. They must have sufficient strength to undergo the load of its own weight and the payload, which turns out to be furniture, people, and also equipment.
general description
The payload per square meter will depend on the purpose of the room and the nature of the equipment. If we are talking about attic flooring, then this value is not more than 105 kilograms per square meter. For interfloor overlapping of the basement, this value increases to 210 kilograms per square meter. The overlap between floors in a private house should be strong, under the influence of loads they should not be bent, the allowable amount of bending for attic floors is 1/200, whereas in the case of spans between floors this value should be 1/250.
Basic requirements for floors
During the construction of ceilings, a sufficient degree of sound insulation should be ensured, the value is set by the norms during design. To do this, close the gaps in the places where the material is docked, only in this case the sounds from neighboring rooms will be distributed minimally. Ceilings that share rooms with a certain temperature difference must meet the requirements of thermal protection. This indicates the need to use an additional layer of thermal insulation. Any structure, especially made of wood, is not able to withstand prolonged exposure to fire. It should be remembered that each material is characterized by a certain value of the fire resistance limit. For reinforced concrete floors, it is 60 minutes, if the structure is made of wood with backfill, and the bottom has a plastered surface, then the confrontation with the fire will last 45 minutes. Wooden floors, which are protected by a layer of plaster, are able to withstand the flame for about 15 minutes. In the presence of wooden floors, which during the arrangement were not protected by fireproof materials, it should be borne in mind that their fire resistance is even less.
Types of overlappings
Overlapping between floors in a private house can be interfloor, basement, basement or attic. According to the constructive solution, the bearing part of the ceilings is beam or beamless. In the first case, the system consists of beams and filling. In the second, the construction is made of homogeneous elements as panels or plates.
Features of beam ceilings
Overlappings between floors in a private house can be beamed, while the individual elements are located at an equal distance from each other, and filling elements are laid on the beams. The latter serve as fencing. Beams can be metal, reinforced concrete or wooden.
Features of the construction of floors from wooden beams
In the construction of private houses in most cases, beam ceilings of wood are used. For beams, there are restrictions on the width of the span, they can be used for attic floors or interfloor structures, in which the span should be 5 meters. Such products are made of coniferous or deciduous wood, and on the upper side is flooring, which is the floor. The design of such a ceiling provides for the presence of beams, roll, floor and heat-insulating material.
If you decide to build floors between floors in a private house on the basis of wooden beams, you should know that the house may have a rectangular plan. At the same time, it is necessary to block the spans in the direction along the short wall. In order for the overlap not to bend under its own weight, its elements are laid at a certain distance. If necessary, build a ceiling of 3x4 meters should use 6x20 beams, which are laid on a 3-meter wall. If the floor is interfloor, then the beams should be 1.25 meters apart, in the case of an attic floor, the distance increases to 1.85 meters. This indicates that as the span increases, the distance between the beams becomes larger.
Technology of work
If you will be laying floors between floors in a private house made of wood, then initially the elements are treated with an antiseptic. When they are supported on a concrete or stone wall, the ends are wrapped in two layers of roofing material, and the beam is inserted into the prepared nest. In this case, the element should not reach the rear wall by 3 centimeters, the end of the beam should be made beveled. The remaining free space is filled with thermal insulation, which can be replaced with foam.
On the lateral sides of the beams, bars 4x4 or 5x5, which are called cranial, are strengthened. On the bars fixed run from wooden shields. The plates of the roll are pressed tightly against each other, they are attached to the cranial bar using self-tapping screws. When overlapping floors are carried out in a private house, it is recommended to consider the photo in advance. This will allow you to understand that the design requires the installation of insulation. It will play the role of a sound-absorbing layer, and in the attic floor - the function of thermal insulation. As the material, you can use polystyrene, expanded clay, sawdust, mineral wool, shavings, straw, as well as wood foliage. After fixing the roll over, thermal insulation is laid on top. Between the beams, you should first lay a layer of roofing, vapor barrier film or glassine, bending the material by five centimeters on the beams. After it comes the turn of laying a layer of insulation.
Concrete floor construction
Concrete floors between floors in a private house can have different forms. If we are talking about monolithic structures, then they are a continuous plate, the thickness of which is equal to the limit of 8 to 12 centimeters. In this case, M 200 grade concrete is used, the slab itself is supported by load-bearing walls. The mass per square meter of such an overlap can be 490 kilograms, if the thickness is 200 millimeters. Installation is carried out in several stages, the first is the installation of load-bearing beams at a prepared place, then a wooden formwork from an unedged board is arranged, and at the next stage a 6-mm reinforcement is laid. At the final stage, concrete is poured. The thickness of the floors between floors in a private house can be equal to the above limit, however, it is also important to correctly construct the formwork, which is sometimes purchased ready-made. It consists of telescopic racks, beams, plywood, as well as a tripod. If you use a formwork made of aluminum or wooden beams, then the wizard will have the opportunity to build a ceiling of any configuration.
Conclusion
Ceilings between floors in a private house made of aerated concrete are usually made of wood, since the weight of the material in the base of the walls is not so large as to undergo concrete loads.