Before proceeding with the construction of a wooden house, you should decide on the material and understand what is required for a satisfactory result. Typically, coniferous woods are used for the production of timber, among them are:
- larch;
- cedar;
- pine tree;
- spruce;
- fir.
In smaller volumes it is made from hardwood, namely:
The main types of timber according to the processing method. Dimensions
The dimensions of a wooden beam can be very different, but the length and cross-section are decisive indicators. Among other characteristics, a processing method should be highlighted. Timber for this parameter is divided into planed and not planed. The latter is used where surface treatment does not matter. Depending on what the cross section is, the material may be called a bar. In this case, the thickness does not exceed 100 mm.
Here is a beam, if the size is from 100 mm or more. The range of lengths and parameters of the sections is the widest for this type of lumber, and it is limited only by the dimensions of the raw material. Considering the dimensions of a wooden beam, it can be noted that the material from the array often has a cross section of up to 250 mm. If the product is more bulky, then manufacturers try to produce it according to individual orders and for certain purposes.
Characteristics and dimensions of glued beams
Such a beam has reinforcement; it is glued together by the method of alternating fibers at the board. The material is characterized by high strength in this regard. Another advantage in this case is that the glued beam almost does not shrink, because it is made from well-dried wood. Choosing the size of glued timber, you can be sure that the parameters will remain unchanged. The dimensions of the wooden beam in this case are offered to choose from. The cross section can be very different, namely: 150; 210 or 270 mm. The thickness is selected by the consumer. It is not necessary to increase it unjustifiably, because it can negatively affect the cost of construction, since the price of products is the highest. You should try to find a balance of thickness and material properties.
Considering the dimensions of a wooden beam, you can note that the material can have a rectangular cross section and is produced depending on the purpose. Wall material, for example, can have parameters from 140 x 160 to 170 x 280 mm. Floor beams can have a height of 85 to 1120 mm. Their maximum width is 260 mm, while the minimum value is 95 mm. We should also mention the standard dimensions of a wooden beam, if the lumber is called window. The most common parameters are: 82 x 86 and 82 x 115 mm.
Characteristics and dimensions of profiled timber. Lumber application
Such a bar is made of solid wood and can have different profile geometry, namely:
- double;
- Finnish
- in the form of a comb.
If you build a house from a profiled beam, then it will not need finishing work, in addition, it will be well protected from moisture and cold. Having examined the photo of a wooden beam, you can understand that this material looks quite aesthetically pleasing. Its dimensions are presented in a standard range from 100 x 100 to 200 x 200 mm.
The purpose of the beam determines its thickness. If this value is 100 mm, then you have a lightweight product that goes on the construction of arbors, outbuildings and verandas. Such a profile copes with the loads that turn out to be the designs of a country house. You can use the building in the summer.
If you live in a region with a mild climate, then a 150 mm beam is perfect for you. Such a profile will protect the building envelope from freezing. For the construction of a dwelling, a 200 mm thick timber is usually used. Such material is more expensive, but its thermotechnical properties make it possible to build log cabins without additional thermal insulation. For this, a profiled beam with dimensions equal to 200 x 150 or 200 x 200 mm is used.
State Standards and Sizes
The dimensions of a wooden beam according to GOST are determined in relation to a length that lies in the range from 3 to 9 m. The main ones are considered to be lengths from 300 to 600 cm. These parameters are most optimal for storage, transportation and construction. In some cases, the beam is made to individual sizes and has a maximum length. This usually refers to typical standard buildings of profiled timber.
For lumber from different species of wood has its own state standard. For example, softwood materials must comply with GOST 8486-86. The parameters of hardwood lumber are regulated by GOST 2695-83.
Dimensions of timber for rafters
When installing the roof of private houses, boards are used. Their cross section should be equal to 50 x 150 mm. Such parameters of lumber are suitable for roofs of various designs. The distance between the rafters is approximately equal to one meter. This step depends on the type of roofing, the amount of snow in the winter and the slope of the roof.
The dimensions of the wooden beam for the rafters are as important as the pitch between them. If the roof slope is more than 45Λ, then the distance between the elements can reach 1.4 m. The width of the product for the rafters is selected with an eye on the length of the opening that needs to be closed. With an increase in the length of the rafter leg, the width of the board increases.
If you need a rafter of 6 m, it is made of a 150 mm board. The minimum value in this case is 50 x 150 mm. If the leg is longer than 6 m, the width should be at least 180 mm. The elongated leg is made of 150 mm cohesive boards. The overlap area should be located as close as possible to the ridge part. The cross section of the rafters will depend on the load on the roof, including the wind, as well as the weight of the rafter structure, the length of the blocked opening, the slope angle and the width of the house.
Sizes of timber for log
The dimensions of the beam for the logs of the wooden floor are selected individually. The reliability of the design will depend on this. With the length of the lag, usually there are no problems. This parameter depends on the laying direction and is usually equal to the width or length of the room. The best option is the length of the beam 3 cm less than this distance.
The log section is calculated on the basis of the possible load on the surface and the size of the span between the fulcrum. The generally accepted load value is 300 kg / m 2 . This parameter is optimal for residential premises. For example, if the span is 2 m, then the log section is 110 x 60 mm. The maximum value is 220 x 180 mm, which is true with a span of 6 meters.
Variety of timber for filing
Boards can be trimmed and not trimmed, but the degree of filing is measured by edging. The beam can be 2-, 3- or 4-edged. The first two sides are rounded logs. Two opposite processed. Three-edged beam has three machined surfaces, the latter is in its original state. The four-edged beam is processed from all sides and is the most expensive of the analogues on the market.
Finally
Modern materials have flooded the market. But the good old wooden beam, which is still used for construction to this day, does not lose its relevance. This is due to the fact that it has durability, reliability and an unsurpassed look. Initially, a beam is a log that is cut to a certain section. Today, timber is a material that can consist not only of an array, but also of glued layers, mixed sawdust, to which an adhesive composition is added.