Ventilation is a mandatory requirement of hygiene standards. The circulation of air masses must be carried out in an established volume. This helps maintain a healthy microclimate. High-quality ventilation prevents the development of rotting processes, the formation of mold. During construction, much attention is paid to this issue.
Arrangement of ventilation of a roof made of metal is carried out in accordance with existing building codes. This is a rather complicated process. However, if you want to create a high-quality ventilation system, you can do it yourself. To do this, you need to study the recommendations of professionals, a detailed technology for the entire process.
Need for ventilation
Ventilation of a metal roof performs several basic functions. To understand the importance of building such a system, it is necessary to consider them in detail. The roof includes several layers. They include rafters, vapor barrier, insulation, waterproofing, counter battens and lathing, as well as the outer roof covering.
If at least one of the listed layers does not fulfill the functions assigned to it, the whole system begins to deteriorate. Decay processes appear, mold develops. Moisture accumulates in the attic and microorganisms harmful to human health develop.
To prevent such negative phenomena, when arranging the roof, a ventilation gap is necessarily created. In this case, it does not matter what design the roof has. Creating a ventilation hole is a prerequisite for the normal functioning of all layers of the roof.
Functions
The ventilation of the roof from the metal roof of the tent, hip, pitched configuration performs a number of mandatory functions. It supports the conditions for long-term operation of all layers of the roof. This helps maintain a healthy microclimate in the attic, as well as the house itself.
Ventilation openings facilitate proper circulation of air masses. This eliminates the possibility of condensation. Warm air, rising up, will leave the room, taking with it particles of steam, fungal spores, pathogens.
Ventilation prevents icing of the roof indoors. In summer, the roof is protected from overheating. The attic remains dry and maintains the correct humidity level. In this case, mold, fungus does not form. The rafter system, other materials are not destroyed, are operated for a long time.
Varieties
There are several types of ventilation of a roof made of metal. Depending on the type of system, various additional structural elements are used. You can create a natural, forced or combined ventilation system. In the first case, holes of a certain diameter are provided in the roof. Air passes through them in the process of natural circulation.
Forced ventilation requires special equipment. Fans, aerators at the set point make the air circulate at the required speed. Such a system is necessary for those rooms in which natural ventilation cannot provide a sufficient supply of fresh air.
There are combined systems. In this case, pins are mounted under the ridge for continuous ventilation. The cornice is equipped with special perforated slats through which air enters the room. In this case, point aerators cut in at a distance of about 60 cm (or even closer) from the ridge.
Payment
Creating ventilation of a roof from a metal tile on a ridge or installing point devices for forced air circulation, it is necessary to perform the correct calculation. This will allow you to select the required elements to create an effective system.
Air circulation should be sufficient to accommodate a given area. The movement of air masses from the cornice perforated strips to the holes at the ridge should be 50% of the total needs of the room. When calculating this value is taken as 30%.
Ventilation holes must have a certain width. It corresponds to the area of the attic space. At least 50 cm openings are made to remove warm air. Fresh air enters through windows that are arranged in the attic. If the attic area is between 60 m², 2 holes must be made. If the area is smaller, one ventilation gap is sufficient.
Materials and Tools
The ventilation passage through the roof of the metal tile is created using special structural elements.
Some of them may have a mechanism powered by electricity. Regardless of the type of ventilation ducts, most often the design has the following components:
- A base that allows the pipe to be connected to the roof hermetically.
- The channel, the diameter of which is selected in accordance with the area of the attic space, roof.
- Deflector. This is the top protective element that prevents the entry of water and debris into the channel.
Ventilation ducts are available in various colors. This will allow you to choose them in accordance with the shade of the roofing material.
To mount the air passage yourself, you will need to prepare metal scissors, a drill, a screwdriver, and a jigsaw. You will also need a marker, a building level, as well as sanitary sealant.
Channel selection
There are certain requirements on how ventilation of a roof made of metal should be arranged . The instruction assumes after calculating the procedure for planning the location of the channels. At the same time, these wind roses are taken into account.
The point exits on the roof should be 60 cm apart. If the roof is equipped with a complex configuration, more channels must be made. Therefore, creating, for example, a hip roof of the same area as the single-pitch structure, it will be necessary to provide more ventilation openings.
The ventilation pipe must not be further than 60 cm from the ridge. Several outlet pipes must be in the same line. Moreover, the places where they come to the surface must be well sealed. Complete with pipes supplied templates. With their help, markup is performed.
Recommendations of specialists
Creating ventilation through the roof of a metal tile, professionals recommend placing pipes under the riser. This ensures high-quality circulation of air flows. They will not be hindered by anything. Adapters are often used to create such a design. They are made in the form of a corrugated pipe.
If the roof has a pitched configuration, pipes should be installed closer to the ridge. In this case, the corrugation channel base will be installed in a warm zone. This helps to increase the wind resistance of the pipe.
The pipe should not be very low, otherwise sufficient traction will not be created. The high channel requires additional strengthening. If the roof is flat, the pipe should not rise above it by more than 30 cm. If there are slopes in the structure, you can make the channel height up to 50 cm.
Pipe Type Selection
Ventilation of a roof from a metal roof of a shed roof or a more complex structure may involve the creation of channels from various materials. In some cases, conventional plastic sewer pipes are used. For them, you need to cut a hole of the appropriate diameter. A fungus is placed on top of the pipe. The cap has a triangular shape. It can be made of PVC or rubber.
However, the special equipment for the roof looks prettier. To improve the aesthetics of the design, it is recommended to purchase deflectors. These are special fans that will work at low pressure under the roof slopes. Such devices enhance air circulation.
You can also mount continuous outputs. They look like long grilles mounted under the ridge. Point channels in the form of fungi, pyramids and other models are used more often. Their design is simpler, the cost is less.
Preparation for installation
Ventilation of a metal roof requires installation in accordance with generally recognized rules. Drill holes for pipes. If this procedure is performed incorrectly, the roof will leak.
It is also important to comply with safety regulations. Otherwise, the master may be seriously injured. After acquiring channels, ventilation gratings, attention should be paid to the selection of special materials through passage. They allow you to make a conclusion tight. Such details are selected in accordance with the color of the roof.
Work is carried out in the presence of safety fastenings, ropes. Otherwise, the master may fall from the roof. Work is recommended to be carried out together with the assistant. Before starting the installation, marking is performed. After that, you can start the main work.
Mounting
The installation process is carried out according to a certain technology. It includes several stages. First, they make holes for future channels with chisels and scissors for metal. Holes of the same diameter are cut through in all roofing materials.
With the help of the template, places for installing fasteners are marked. The material of the roof must be carefully cleaned. Next, you need to take sealant and sealing material. A layer of glue is applied to the rubber gasket. Only after this, the sealing material is installed in its intended place. The sealant will prevent water from flowing inside the roof.
The passage element is mounted on the intended place for it, fixed with self-tapping screws. A ventilation pipe is installed in the passage element. At the same time, it should be in exactly vertical position. The pipe is fixed with screws. The output is sealed. It should cover the exit with a thick layer.
Having examined how roof ventilation is made of metal, you can do all the work yourself.