Everyone dreams of their own land, where he could rest from the bustling city life. However, in order to spend time comfortably, the site needs to be equipped. Most often there are problems with water. It is far from always possible to connect a house to a water supply system. In this case, the only way out is to drill a well. But here a lot of problems begin, because finding underground water and getting to them is not so simple. The article will describe in detail how to find water for the well in the area and how to properly drill it.
general information
Groundwater can be in several layers of soil. As a rule, there are no more than two or three of them. In this case, the depth can be completely different. As a rule, water, which is located near the surface, is not suitable for drinking, but it can be used for domestic needs and watering. The deeper it is, the less harmful impurities it contains. According to experts, the highest quality mineral composition is water produced at a depth of 30 to 50 meters. Water on the site (the well must be drilled according to a certain technology, which will be described later) can be of the following types:
- Pressureless. It is located in the upper layers of the soil and does not exceed the level at which it is located before the well is equipped.
- Pressure head. It flows to the surface under high pressure, since the layer is sandwiched between two water-resistant. For its extraction, it is not necessary to install a pump.
- Dirt. Water that accumulates in the earth as a result of precipitation. It is located at a depth of up to three meters, but its volume is very small, so you should not rely on its use on an ongoing basis.
- Infiltration. It seeps into the upper layers of soil from ponds located nearby.
This raises one very important question: how to find water for a well on a site suitable not only for meeting domestic needs, but also for drinking? There are several reliable and proven methods that will be discussed later in this article.
A few words about aquifers
If you plan to drill water for water in a summer cottage, then first of all you need to understand how deep you have to break through to get to an underground source. For this, at least some knowledge of the soil structure of your region is necessary. Some layers act as a filter for water, while others delay it, preventing it from reaching the surface. It is due to them that underground reservoirs are formed. The key factors on which the depth of the source depends are the type of topography and climatic conditions. Moreover, the more layers there are, the better the quality of the water. Therefore, when drilling, it is recommended to make wells of great depth, since in this case the life-giving moisture will have the best mineral composition, and it also does not need to be filtered and disinfected before use to realize its own needs. According to experts, the artesian layer located at a depth of over one hundred meters has the greatest value.
Basic search methods
Let's dwell on this in more detail. To correctly determine where to drill a well under water at a site, it is necessary to find its location. The following methods will help you with this:
- search with aluminum frames;
- analysis of plant settlement on a plot of land;
- observation of animal behavior;
- use of professional appliances.
How to find water for a well on a site using each of the above methods? The answer to this question will be given below. Any method has its pros and cons, and also has certain features, so you need to dwell on each in more detail.
Search for water using frames
What is the peculiarity of this method? If you want to find out where to drill a well for water on a site, then one old way can help you with this. It is based on the use of two aluminum frames. For their manufacture, you need to take two straight pieces of wire with a length of about 40 centimeters, one end of which you need to bend at an angle of 90 degrees.
Holding the frames in your hands, you need to firmly press your elbows to the body, and stretch your arms perpendicular to the ground. In this position, you must walk on the land. Once you are above the source of groundwater, the framework should be crossed. You can use one design for the search. In this case, a guideline will be the beginning of its rotation or deviation to one of the sides.
Finding water using a wooden twig
To determine where the water is located on the site (the well can be of very different depths), you can use the handle with a forked end. He is picked up, spreading the branch to the sides by about 150 degrees. As soon as you are above the source, the "plug" will begin to reach the ground. It’s best to use the following tree varieties for your search:
- maple;
- grease;
- alder;
- reeds;
- Apple tree;
- willow;
- plum.
All of the above plants are excellent indicators of underground water deposits, so they allow you to quickly and accurately find them.
Animal Behavior Monitoring
So what do you need to know about this? Water search at the well site can be carried out with the help of our four-legged friends. You only need to observe their behavior. Among the main characteristic features that should be paid attention to are the following:
- cats like to relax in the summer heat on the plots of land under which underground waters are located, while dogs, on the contrary, avoid them;
- close to deposits close to the surface of the earth, hens will never lay eggs;
- ants create anthills as far as possible from groundwater sources;
- swarms of midges and mosquitoes always fly close to moisture sources.
All these signs will help you understand where it is worth looking for groundwater, and where they are not.
Watching plants
How can green crops help? Representatives of the flora need water more than anyone else, so with their help you can also find underground water. The best indicator is birch. If it has a small height and the column is curved, then it grows directly above the source. In addition, you can use observations of the following plants:
- maple;
- wood lice;
- reeds;
- horsetail;
- sorrel;
- nettle.
Their abundance is observed on land with high humidity. But coniferous species of trees, on the contrary, grow on land with dry soil, so it makes no sense to look for a source of underground water nearby.
Barometer use
What is the peculiarity of this method. A pressure measuring device can also help determine where a water well should be in a summer cottage. Especially accurately, it allows you to calculate the depth at which an underground source is located. Changing the readings by 0.1 millimeter mercury is equivalent to one meter. You must first measure the pressure on the shore of any reservoir located near your land. Next, you need to make similar measurements in a place where, in your opinion, there is groundwater.
Omens
Let's dwell on this in more detail. There are a few more signs that will help you understand where underground water deposits might be. For many centuries, our ancestors managed to find places for wells with the following signs:
- In the evenings, fog falls in places where there is groundwater.
- A large amount of dew in the morning on the grass and plants indicates the presence of water sources near the surface.
- To find groundwater, you can put the jar upside down for some time. If condensation forms on its walls, then there is a source in the ground.
- Dig a pot of silica gel, wrapped in a piece of cloth, into the ground for a day. If after this time the fabric is wet, then this is a sure sign of the presence of groundwater.
If you do not trust folk signs, then you can use the modern method with 100 percent accuracy. You will need to make trial drilling of a water well in the area. To do this, you need to break into the ground at about 10 meters. If the hole begins to gradually fill with water, then you are on the right track. Having gone to great depth you will certainly stumble upon an underground source.
Optimal time to search
This aspect should be given special attention. Above we considered the most common and effective methods that will help determine where a well should be drilled under water at a site. But in order to achieve good accuracy, you need to search at a specific time of the day. Despite the fact that underground sources do not go anywhere, nevertheless, the effectiveness will differ. According to experts in the field of groundwater, the lowest search accuracy will be in the evening, namely from 6 to 7 and from 10 to 11 hours in the afternoon. It is best to look for a place to drill a well in the early morning from 5 to 6 in the morning and in the evening from 8 to 9. It is during this period that the accuracy of searches using the methods described above will be the highest.
General tips and tricks
Before you start drilling wells in the area under water, it is necessary to take into account several basic aspects. The most important are the following:
- Regardless of the method of searching for an underground source, it should be at a sufficient depth so that the water is clean, safe and usable. In no case should it be located above the contaminated soil layer.
- In some regions, due to terrain features, the rule described above cannot be implemented. In this case, drill a well of the maximum permissible depth.
- If there are any bodies of water near your land, for example, rivers or lakes, then you should drill as close to them as possible. But in this case, the water may be slightly cloudy due to the fact that the soil does not filter it well enough.
These are very important rules that are mandatory if you want your well to produce clean, saturated water with all the necessary minerals. If, nevertheless, you did not manage to find a source that satisfies all quality standards, then in this case you need to use special cleaning systems. The use of dirty water can be hazardous to health and lead to the development of various diseases.
Most common mistakes
Let's dwell on this in more detail. As practice shows, many people face a lot of problems when drilling wells. This is due to the fact that they make certain mistakes. The most common are the following:
- errors in determining the aquifer;
- too deep drilling;
- the upper layers were not cut off;
- insufficient distance to an underground source;
- casing leakage;
- Inappropriate filter for the well.
All these errors are the most common, which the vast majority of people encounter when deciding to drill a well at their dacha, but without enough experience or certain knowledge to do this. Having an idea of them, you can do everything right and provide yourself with clean drinking water.
What experts say
This article gave a detailed answer to the question of how to find water for a well on a site. Professionals in this field claim that all methods work one hundred percent and are highly accurate. Therefore, you can safely use any of them.