Bleeding from the nose is one of the first phenomena among spontaneous blood loss. Moreover, it arises suddenly, frightening both parents and the children themselves. Why does a child have nosebleeds? Rather, it is due to a violation of the integrity of the vascular wall or poor blood coagulation. In addition, bleeding can be spontaneous, and also appear due to the injury.
Local causes
Bleeding from the nose is divided into local and general. In the first case, when blood flows from the nose , this is due to damage to the nasal septum. It has vascular plexuses close to the surface, which are easily injured. Here the reasons can be different, for example, the habit of picking in the nose, a foreign body that has fallen into the cavity and provokes bleeding, a fracture. Moreover, small children can stick something in their nose and forget about it. In addition, the baby is simply afraid to tell parents about his trick. As a result, blood begins to flow from the nose with purulent discharge. In such a situation, you should immediately consult a doctor to pull out the item.
Common reasons
The causes of blood flow from the nose are, for example, various malignant and benign tumors of the nose. Also, the situation may arise due to the curvature of the septum, but at the same time difficulty in nasal breathing will be observed. Sometimes it happens that the baby has an abnormal structure of the vascular system, so blood can go during a cold. In addition, it is important for the child to have fresh and moistened air in the room. After all, often the nose’s blood in a child comes simply due to overdried air. As a result, the mucous membrane of the septum dries, growing together with the vascular system. Therefore, its elasticity and strength are lost. So, when you sneeze, blow your nose, the mucous membrane cracks, after which the vessel bursts and blood flows.
Blood coagulation
Often, blood from the nose can come due to a disease such as poor coagulation. Here, vessels have increased permeability, so any infection like flu, colds or acute respiratory infections already causes heavy bleeding. Also in this category can be attributed hereditary diseases, which are characterized by a violation in the structure of the vascular system of the wall. In addition, inflammation can also cause blood from the nose. Arterial pressure rises, which is accompanied by bleeding. Kidney disease, sunstroke, and overheating can also be causes.
In the process of sleep
Quite suddenly during sleep, blood can flow from the nose. Moreover, such a loss of blood is one-sided or from each nostril. There are also differences in time and intensity. Sometimes blood clots appear in small numbers, and then everything stops. In other cases, a stream of blood flows quite a long time, and it is difficult to stop the bleeding in this case. The main thing is to understand that blood from the nose is not only a sign of injury, but also a possible disease. Therefore, if a child has nosebleeds every morning, it is necessary to consult a doctor. The specialist is required to schedule an examination, examine the nasal cavity, and send him for an X-ray to examine the sinuses.
Local bleeding due to local bleeding
In the event that bleeding occurs due to the proximity of the vessels to the surface of the nasal septum, a specialist may prescribe cauterization. This can be done in many ways: electricity, laser, or liquid nitrogen. Usually, an indication for this is constant nosebleed, repeated several times a week (and when attempts to stop the blood are unsuccessful), as well as a depletion of the child's body or the appearance of anemia.
General examination
When blood flows from the nose , the causes may be of a general nature. A full examination is already scheduled here. The list includes blood tests, consultations with other specialists, a hematologist, pediatrician, surgeon, for example. In chronic bleeding, the body is depleted, which subsequently forms anemia. Further, immunity is already suffering, as a result of which resistance to disease is reduced. In this case, if oxygen starvation occurs, pathology appears, and many structural changes become already irreversible. Bleeding is also acute, in which the condition deteriorates sharply, which leads to loss of consciousness.
Help with nosebleeds
There are many reasons why a child has nosebleeds. The main thing with bleeding that has occurred is to be able to stop the blood correctly. After that, it is already to find out the reason.
1. The child must first be reassured. Indeed, at the sight of blood, the baby experiences stress, and as a result of this, blood pressure rises. Of course, this only increases blood loss. Therefore, you need to be able to convince the child and everyone around that everything is in order. There is no danger, and the bleeding will stop soon.
2. The child must be brought upright. After that, tilt forward a little so that the remaining blood in the nose flows out to the end. It will also allow you to see from which half the blood actually comes. And you need to act in a similar way when it comes to the smallest children. Here the baby needs to be picked up and quietly tilted forward. It is worth noting that throwing your head back is a mistake. This is because blood can get into the throat. This leads to the fact that the child is choking. After this, a cough with vomiting and increased bleeding begins.
3. Many do not know how to stop nosebleeds. Arterial pressure rises, so there is not enough fresh air. You need to unfasten your clothes, and then ask the child to breathe, inhaling with his nose and exhaling with his mouth. Then put a handkerchief soaked in cold water on the nose. At the same time, it is imperative to wrap your legs in a warm blanket, which will contribute to the circulation of blood in the nose and the cessation of its flow.
4. It is known that the causes of blood flow from the nose are a weak vascular plexus located close to the septum. That is why sometimes it is enough to hold the nose wing in this place with your hand to stop the bleeding. If this method does not help, you can put the swab made of sterile gauze into the nasal passage. The main thing is to pre-moisten it with a solution of hydrogen peroxide. In addition, you can use other vasoconstrictor drugs, such as drugs "Naphthyzine", "Otrivin" or "Tizin."
5. The reason why a child is bleeding from the nose may be a foreign body. You can’t get it yourself. After all, with an unsuccessful combination of circumstances, it will fall into the respiratory tract, provoking choking. Therefore, only a specialist should deal with its extraction. In addition, it is important at this moment to reassure the child and try to help him as soon as possible.
6. When the baby has headaches, blood from the nose begins to flow, this is a serious reason to also consult a doctor. Here it is already necessary to conduct a comprehensive examination to establish the exact cause of the child’s poor health. If bleeding is not plentiful, the above measures will be sufficient. When assisting, the pulse, degree of consciousness, and the general condition of the child should be controlled. After a stop, it is worth restricting physical activity in the coming days. In addition, you can lubricate the sinuses with liquid paraffin using cotton swabs. This will protect the mucous membrane from drying out.
Indications for hospitalization
Doing it yourself to stop nosebleeds should be in the first twenty minutes. If any measures taken do not help, the blood does not stop or starts to flow again, this requires medical attention already. Therefore, the child needs to be urgently taken to a medical institution so that they provide him with first aid. Moreover, an ambulance call will allow you to perform certain actions to stop bleeding on the way to the hospital. It is worth noting that children with a blood clotting disorder, kidney disease, who are fainting or after an injury should be hospitalized immediately.
Treatment
When the child enters the hospital, there are already taking certain measures to stop the bleeding. To begin with, they find out why the child is bleeding from the nose. If bleeding occurs through the nostrils, and the source is in the front of the nasal cavity, then the diagnosis is not difficult to establish. They use, as mentioned above, cauterization by laser, electricity and nitrogen.
In the case when blood flows down the posterior parts of the nasopharynx, after which it is swallowed, bloody vomiting appears. This is the first sign of nosebleeds, which is more difficult to detect. With a large loss of blood, gauze swabs are installed. In addition, hemostatic drugs are used.
Heavy bleeding
If there is a big blood loss, which can lead to death, a blood infusion is performed. In especially severe cases, donated blood is used. Also, to stop the blood from the nose, they may resort to surgical intervention. Here, ligation or blockage of large vessels that provide blood to the damaged area is performed. This begins the clarification of the causes that led to similar consequences. This is because blood from the nose is often only a symptom of a certain disease. A diagnosis made on time, as well as timely treatment will help prevent adverse moments. As a result, this will prevent permanent or temporary bleeding from the nose, as well as save the life of your child. Therefore, you should not postpone the call to a specialist, and if your baby suffers from nosebleeds, urgent measures must be taken before you have to call an ambulance to save him urgently.