Today, in summer cottages and on an industrial scale, large areas grow various vegetables, berries, flowers and much more. And what to grow in a carbonate-coated greenhouse? Read about it in the article.
What can be grown in a polycarbonate greenhouse?
It has long been believed that only tomatoes, cucumbers and peppers are grown here. But this is not so. What to grow in a greenhouse? In closed ground conditions, the following crops can be obtained:
- Onion - it is grown all year round for personal use and for sale. But it should be remembered that the periods of dormancy, in which plants cannot be planted, differ in time in different varieties.
- Champignons are grown in sections of the greenhouse unsuitable for other crops. This is a profitable business, as mushrooms grow in low light and even in complete darkness.
- Lilies, roses and other flowers. It is advantageous to grow them in a greenhouse at any time of the year, but especially in winter, since there are few competitors at this time.
- Greens (dill, parsley, celery, salad) - it is unpretentious to the growing conditions, it can be compactly placed on existing areas. Gives high yields all year round.
Where is it better to grow cucumbers?
So what to grow in a greenhouse? Modern technologies allow growing vegetables year-round in closed ground. The best option for this is a polycarbonate greenhouse. There are no gaps, the leaves of the plant are protected from direct sunlight, and most importantly, there are all conditions for installing powerful ventilation.
What can be grown in a greenhouse of such a plan? Various vegetables, including cucumbers, can grow in this building throughout the year. The main thing is to carry out all the preparatory work before planting seedlings. It should be remembered that cucumbers come from the tropics, at the genetic level they do not have protection against diseases and pests of our climate.
If in the previous year the beds of the greenhouse were occupied by cucumbers, which were repeatedly sick, then the soil is completely replaced, and the interior of the structure is carefully treated with chlorine, then bleached with lime.
Soil preparation
How to grow cucumbers in a greenhouse? The technology provides for the determination of soil acidity after sanitizing a greenhouse. This indicator should not exceed six and a half units. If more, lime is added to the soil.
This is necessary in order to create comfortable growing conditions for cucumbers. Vegetables have a bad reaction to soil with high acidity, as it is a favorable environment for the propagation of harmful bacteria. How to grow cucumbers in a greenhouse? For this, beds are prepared before planting seedlings. Manure or compost is best done in the spring at the rate of 10-15 kilograms per square meter of area.
Before planting seedlings, the soil loosens with a rake, but first you need to evenly spread a mixture of wood ash and superphosphate on the surface of the soil per two teaspoons and two tablespoons, respectively, per square meter of area.
How to grow in a greenhouse vegetables? Only by observing all the rules of the technological process can a good crop be obtained. One of them is saturation of the soil with humus. To do this, the beds are watered with a solution: on a bucket of water, one capsule of the Energen stimulator.
How to get seedlings?
For growing cucumbers in a greenhouse on an industrial scale, the seedling method of planting is more often used. How to grow seedlings in a greenhouse? To do this, the soil mixture is scattered in peat cups and poured with hot water to kill bacteria.
When the soil cools down and becomes warm, the seeds in a dry form are pressed into it by two centimeters and covered with a film. In the morning you can see hatching shoots. When they grow up, and four to six leaves appear on the stalk, seedlings are planted on a permanent place of growth.
Planting cucumbers
How to grow cucumbers in a polycarbonate greenhouse? To do this, first make beds one meter wide, the distance between them is half this measurement. Seedlings in each row are planted taking into account 40 centimeters one bush from another.
Planting cucumbers is carried out both in seedling method and seed. Planting material must be healthy and prepared before sowing. With the seed method, plants do not need a transplant, since they already grow in a constant place. Their gentle roots will not be injured.
Before planting the beds, you need to water and prepare the holes in which the seedlings should be placed vertically. The stem does not fall asleep with the ground, and the plants do not bend. How to grow cucumbers in a polycarbonate greenhouse? In order for seedlings to start faster, after planting, watering is carried out under the very root, the soil must be well saturated with moisture, as the roots of adult plants go deep into it by twenty centimeters. For watering, a solution of water (one bucket) and the drug "Effekton-O" (three tablespoons) are used. Planting is carried out in the soil, heated to eighteen degrees of heat.
How to form bushes of cucumbers?
What can be grown in a greenhouse? It can be vegetables, berries of different types, depending on preferences. Some plants need a bush, while others do not. This procedure is necessary for greenhouse cucumbers, they are formed into one shoot.
A week after planting, plants are tied to supports. When the stems grow to the very top of the support, you need to remove the top of the shoot. In the lower part of the stem, all the rudiments of the lateral lashes and inflorescences break off. If this is not done, the slow growth of the lower ovaries will affect the growth of the entire plant.
Growing cucumbers in winter
Is it possible to grow cucumbers in a greenhouse in winter? This vegetable feels great, growing in a greenhouse with a polycarbonate coating at any time of the year, including in the cold period. We grow cucumbers in the greenhouse in winter, but taking into account some of the nuances of the process. So, cultivars pollinated by bees during this period do not bear fruit, therefore, preference is given to self-pollinated varieties.
It should also be noted that the winter day is short. In this regard, when choosing a variety, you need to focus on one that can grow in shading and in conditions with low humidity. But in any case, plants need to provide sufficient lighting, optimal humidity and nutritious nutrition. Otherwise, the crop can not be seen even from these varieties.
Proper watering of cucumbers in the greenhouse
It does not matter what to grow in a greenhouse, but in order to get a high yield you need to remember about watering. Otherwise, in the case of cucumbers, this will lead to undesirable consequences: the vegetables will taste bitter. Irrigation with cold water leads to the same result, so it needs to be heated.
And it’s better to stock up on barrels, put them inside the greenhouse, fill them with water, and the issue is resolved. With a lack of water, the leaves will darken, and with an excess, on the contrary, they will brighten. If the leaves turn yellow, this means that the greenhouse has a high temperature and the plants lack water.
You can at least grow something in a greenhouse, if you properly care for the plants. Here are the cucumbers, they need to be watered early in the morning or late in the evening when the sun sets, otherwise the leaves may get burns from direct sunlight. Before the fruiting period, watering is carried out infrequently, once or twice a week, but during it and until the harvest is done daily, at the rate of seven liters of water per square meter of area.
What soil is needed for growing tomatoes?
Tomatoes are not recommended to be planted in one place for several years in a row, as the soil is emptied, which is fraught with the occurrence of infectious diseases. To reduce the likelihood of their spread, the topsoil is removed and carried outside the greenhouse. The remaining soil is disinfected with a solution: on a bucket of water - one tablespoon of copper sulfate.
How to grow tomatoes in a polycarbonate greenhouse? A place is being prepared for this in advance. The best option is considered to be where the sown area reaches a height of 25 centimeters and a width of 85 centimeters. The soil should be well-drained, loose and moist, but in moderation. Tomatoes need room, so the distance between the rows should be 90 centimeters, no less.
If you are thinking about what is beneficial to grow in a greenhouse, remember: all vegetables are in demand from the consumer, but tomatoes are the most beloved and often bought, since their regular use makes up for the missing vitamins and minerals in the human body. Tomatoes grow on soil of any composition, but are more preferable to loamy soil, in which peat, manure or sawdust is added. Vegetables grow well on soil, in which one part of rotted manure and turf soil, 0.5 part of river sand. Superphosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium magnesia, sodium nitrate, wood ash in appropriate amounts are added to this mixture: 40:20:20: 2: 500 grams.
Planting tomato seedlings
Have you decided what to grow in a greenhouse? If you opt for tomatoes, you need to know that for successful growing tomatoes in a polycarbonate-coated greenhouse hybrids are best suited. They are resistant to disease and have a small bush size, are formed into one stem. How to grow tomatoes in a polycarbonate greenhouse? This process begins with the planting of seedlings in the ground. Of course, you need to grow it first. But not everyone does it on their own. More often planting material is bought. Before planting, the soil temperature is measured: it should be 13 degrees heat.
Better take root plants in which peduncles are formed and the height reaches 40 centimeters. If tall varieties are used for planting, the distance between them increases, and is approximately 50 centimeters. For undersized, 40 cm is enough.
For information: overgrown plants have lower yields. They are planted at an angle, having previously removed leaves from the bottom of the stem, so that they do not interfere when buried in the soil and in the future do not become a source of spread of the fungus.
Seedlings are planted in prepared wells: the soil is spilled with a solution of potassium permanganate with water to eliminate pathogens, and fertilized with compost. Plants of normal height are carefully placed in a hole in an upright position and covered with earth, which is a little tamped and watered around the stem. For two weeks, seedlings are not watered, and fertilizers are not applied to the soil. This is a prerequisite for rooting.
Tomato Care
After two to three weeks after planting, the bushes of plants are tied to supports. In the greenhouse, the optimal air temperature is maintained - 20-30 degrees Celsius, since it is under such conditions that the normal growth and fruiting of tomatoes is carried out.
In winter, additional heating sources are installed to ensure a constant normal temperature. Self-pollinated varieties are grown to produce early fruits. But to increase productivity, plants need help. It is enough to shake the inflorescences, to spray the plants, to ventilate the greenhouse. This procedure is carried out in warm and dry weather.
Care involves the formation of bushes, which consists in the removal of leaves and shoots. In order not to cause a shock in the plant, in which its growth slows down, strong stepsons are left, only weak stepsons are removed. During the fruit ovary, all leaves located under the inflorescences break off.
When watering tomatoes, it is important not to harm them. Excessive moisture not only causes infection, but also impairs taste. Tomatoes become acidic, their meatiness decreases, they are filled with water.
Top dressing begins when the first small tomatoes appear. For this, once a week the soil is watered with a solution of potassium monophosphate. The plant responds well to upper spraying, which is carried out weekly in the evening.
How to grow pepper in a greenhouse?
Getting a high yield of vegetables depends on the preparation of the soil. It needs to be fertilized with phosphorus and potassium additives, but it is better to refuse fresh manure, since its introduction significantly reduces the yield. It is better to fertilize the soil with compost or humus.
Some gardeners practice growing pepper from seedlings in plastic bags filled with soil with added nutrients. In this case, you do not need to fertilize the entire soil, but only the one in the bags.
Planting pepper seedlings
How to grow pepper in a greenhouse? This is done in two ways: seedling and seed. The first is more popular among gardeners, since already grown plants are planted in the ground, and they quickly adapt to new conditions.
When the stem of the plant becomes thick and strong, and more than ten leaves appear on it, the seedlings are planted at a constant place of growth. The height of the bush should be 25 centimeters, and the temperature of the soil into which it will be planted is 15 degrees.
First, the holes are filled, one liter of water is poured into them. When the moisture is absorbed, a plant is placed in the pit and filled with soil so that the first leaves are on the surface of the earth. The soil around the stem is mulched to retain moisture, as seedlings cannot be watered for a week. For this, sawdust, wood bark, dry leaves or straw are used. Immediately upon planting, a support is established for each plant.
Proper Pepper Care
The soil around the trunk should always be moist. It should be remembered that excessive moisture is detrimental to pepper. Vegetables need watering no more than once a week or five days in dry weather. It is good if a drip irrigation system is installed in the greenhouse .
During flowering, overhead irrigation is unacceptable, since the properties of pollen deteriorate and ovaries are not formed. Watering the pepper is carried out early in the morning, until the sun rises. During intense heat, it can also be repeated in the evening. It is also important to monitor the humidity in the greenhouse, and constantly ventilate the room.
When watering, the main thing is not to harm. In order not to form a crust on the surface of the soil, experts advise to water first one side, and loosen the other at this time, and vice versa.
Any plant needs additional nutrition, especially during the growing season. For pepper, potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen additives are especially needed, which are dry and in the form of solutions. Top dressing is carried out before planting the plant in the ground and during flowering.