Thermal insulation and finishing of the basement is a rather important stage in the arrangement of the home. Without the design of this part of the building, the construction will not look completed. The appearance of the cap can be represented by one of many options. For facing you can use a professional sheet, fiber cement panels or socle siding. But this list cannot be called complete.
Which base to choose
Some property owners use prominent plinths. This approach allows the use of additional insulation of the basement of the building. However, this option is the least protected from mechanical damage and external influences. The sunken base is the most secure design option. You can use clinker tiles, which have a small thickness. With such a finish, the foundation will be resistant to external influences, however, it will be quite difficult to warm the plane.
Design and layout of the basement
Under the basement there may be a whole basement, which is sometimes equipped, increasing the living space of the house or making this part of the building more functional. One or several rooms can be located under the house. The presence of underground living space helps to warm the house and make the building more comfortable and warm.
Below you can arrange such rooms as:
- workshop;
- warehouse;
- bathhouse;
- garage;
- boiler room.
If you plan to use this space for storing vegetables and other products, then the ground floor will be an ideal place for a warehouse. It allows you to save space on the site. The project of the basement is created together with the project of the main house. It may include a pantry, boiler room, workshop and garage. Convert the interior space under the house under the dressing room or hallway. Some even arrange recreation areas there.
If you want to save space in the house, then on the ground floor you can place a dryer, a washing machine and other household appliances. This will eliminate excess moisture in the house. More and more houses today, in which the basement serves as a place to place a pool. Choosing the layout of the house, you may prefer a project that provides for the presence of a ground floor, where the staircase leads. However, this zone can become a place of increased danger, so the march should have certain dimensions - about 90 cm. As for the width, it usually is 30 cm.
Moisture protection
In order for this floor to be protected from moisture, you need to worry about this in advance. It is important to equip the waterproofing system and make sure that groundwater does not damage the materials at the base of the building. The walls of this floor are usually made of materials stronger than brick. This should include iron and concrete. Before choosing a project for a house with a basement, you need to know about the groundwater level. Usually they do not exceed 180 cm. The line of passage of the aquifer depends on the underground rivers.
To protect against moisture, you can equip a sand cushion with the addition of gravel. This approach is relevant for high soil density. If the soil on the site is wet and loose, then a foundation of concrete should be built, which will act as a good foundation for the walls. The ground floor is often used for a gas boiler, which can not be installed in apartments and residential buildings. Sometimes the layout provides for a bathroom, bath or pantry.
Ideas for design and decoration of the basement outside
The basement of the building can be lined with different materials, which will not only decorate, but also protect the surface. This process is performed before facing the walls, so that you have the opportunity to hide the tides under the finish. The material must have certain performance characteristics, for example:
- low thermal conductivity;
- high strength
- excellent reliability;
- low hygroscopicity.
The basement of the building can be finished with the following materials:
- natural or artificial stone;
- PVC panels;
- decorative or mosaic plaster;
- clinker or porcelain tiles;
- brick;
- profiled sheet.
Design Tips
Before choosing a specific material, you should consider some nuances. If the basement of the building is being repaired using thick material, then an ebb should be installed above the protruding part. The foundation should be expanded, it is better to use brickwork for this.
If you decide to purchase a professional flooring or siding, then first you need to install the frame, the space of which is filled with insulation for thermal insulation. Frame-facing technology allows for work at any time of the year.
Choosing a quality material: using plaster
If you want to finish the basement of the building inexpensively, it is best to use plaster. But it should be noted that it is not so durable. Such cladding may be damaged by mechanical stress. The plaster protects the base from external factors not so effectively. Despite this, this method is popular, because the material has a low cost. In addition, it can be used if the base was built of brick and was installed on a strip foundation.
Plastering is not the final step. To protect the layer from the effects of the external environment and moisture, an alkyd, acrylic or silicone paint is applied to it. This will decorate the base and make it more durable. For staining, enamel paints should not be used, since they do not allow air to pass through and are environmentally unsafe. It is best to apply decorative plaster, with the help of which the effect of a fur coat is created.
The use of mosaic plaster allows forming a multi-colored mosaic on the surface, which is ensured by fine crumb in the composition. The resin acts as a binder and makes the composition waterproof. If you want to design the basement of the building in imitation of natural stone, but save money at the same time, you can use plaster and a special silicone stamp with which you can create impressions on the surface.
An interesting design idea - natural and artificial stone
For refinement and environmental friendliness, natural stone comes first in the design of the basement. It is expensive, but allows you to create the most wear-resistant and durable coating, which is characterized by durability and presentable appearance. The basement of the building and the blind areas can be decorated with the following types of stone:
- marble;
- granite;
- limestone;
- sandstone.
They are available in the form of tiles and laid on a cement mortar. The stone may be rough, polished or matte. Before installation, the back side of the porous material is treated with a water-repellent composition, which increases its waterproofing properties.
Facing the basement of the building can be carried out using wild stone. It has significant weight and increases the load on the base. In this case, it is necessary to create a reinforced connection of the drainage pillow and the foundation. Facing with natural stone does not provide for the observance of a clearly calibrated distance between the individual elements, since this is a long and laborious process.
An alternative to natural material is artificial stone, which is produced in the form of concrete slabs that imitate the natural texture. Modern technologies make it possible to obtain a frost-resistant, reliable and durable facing stone, which has less weight and affordable cost. For finishing, you should choose a material of 3 combining colors that are like natural stone. For uniform masonry, large elements are mixed with small ones, smooth - with rough ones.
The package includes drainage troughs that protect the material from exfoliation from the base after freezing. The material is laid using the same technology as in the case of natural stone, but here you can do without surface reinforcement.
The modern solution for the design of the base - clinker tiles
The basement of the building can be finished with clinker tiles, which protects the insulation and the wall of the building from negative influences. The main advantage of the material in mechanical strength, which is combined with resistance to aggressive environments and increased moisture resistance.
Clinker tiles can be used not only for the plinth, they trim the walls and corners of the building. On sale are products in a wide range of colors. Installation is carried out using a frame system, which provides for the installation of an additional thermal insulation layer. At its installation frost-resistant glue is used.
Cash calculation
The price of tiles depends on the brand and the country of manufacture. The average cost is 1,500 rubles. per square meter. In order to calculate how much money will be spent on laying the basement of the building, it is necessary to determine the surface area to be trimmed. To do this, measure the width and height of each side of the base, and then separately multiply the values and add them. The resulting value is multiplied by 1,500 (in this case), which will allow you to get the amount that remains to be spent on the facing material.
Using corrugated board and basement siding
The basement of the facade of the building can be finished with siding and corrugated board. The first option is today one of the cheapest. This cladding is lightweight and has a special mounting method, so it is easy to install. The surface will not require special care. The material is selected because of reliability, resistance to mechanical and atmospheric influences, as well as durability. Plates protect the material well from moisture.
The basement of a brick building can also be finished in the area of corners. Manufacturers offer special items for this. Design solutions allow finishing panels with brick, wood, mosaic tiles and stone. Installation is carried out using a metal or wooden crate, which is attached to the base using self-tapping screws.
Finally
Private houses also get off with a professional sheet. This material is moisture resistant, durable and well tolerates temperature fluctuations. It is easy to process, easy to install on a wooden crate. But you should not use corrugated board for finishing wooden buildings, since it corrodes under the influence of moisture, which can cause wood to rot.