Mushrooms are loved by many, but often there is not enough time to go after them into the forest. You can, of course, just buy them. But there are some doubts: it is not known where they were collected and whether they are poisonous. Yes, and expensive. Therefore, you can learn how to grow mushrooms in the country. And try to do it yourself. This not only saves time and money, but is also an interesting activity.
The necessary conditions
In an ordinary garden, forest mushrooms themselves will never grow. There must be at least one tree on the plot. This is a prerequisite for the growth of many types of mushrooms, mycelium which are formed by the introduction of fungal root into the root system of the tree. From there, he gets amino acids and carbohydrates. In return, he gives away minerals and natural antibiotics that protect the tree from diseases and pests. The place for planting mushrooms should be chosen away from berry, fruit and vegetable plantings. It should be as close as possible to the natural forest environment.
Growing mushrooms with a special solution
For a small, but constant crop, summer residents often use a special solution. It is made from overripe mushrooms (which are crushed into dust), one tablespoon of flour and gelatin powder. This mixture is slightly diluted with water and watered moist soil under the trees. Mushroom spores germinate, forming a fungus root. After two seasons, abundant fruiting begins.
How to grow mushrooms in the country by the method of instillation
Harvested young mushrooms are crushed and buried in the ground next to a tree whose root system consists of enveloping filaments of mycelium. Then you need to keep this area moist. In a year, several mushrooms will appear there. You can just scatter small pieces and cover with fallen leaves.
Breeding honey agarics and butter
The optimal, but rather inconvenient and time-consuming way is to transplant young trees along with mycelium from the forest to a summer cottage. Most of all it is suitable for breeding butter and honey mushrooms. On the site, you need to prepare a place in advance, if there is not enough lime in the soil, then fertilize it. You need to plant trees so that they have enough sunlight. Young specimens easily tolerate transplantation and take root perfectly. It is necessary to water the soil regularly, and in a year or two an overgrown mycelium will appear, giving a good harvest.
Growing mushrooms in the country
First in the forest you need to find old mushrooms. Then put them in a bucket filled with rain or well water. Mushrooms should be in it for several days, but always in the house, at room temperature. During this time they "creep" along the threads. This will result in a mixture, which, after stirring, watered the area near the tree.
Mushroom Growing
How to grow mushrooms in the country with the help of mycelium? First you need to find her in the forest. The land is carefully cut with a small layer and transferred to the summer cottage (so that it does not crumble). You need to immediately land the brought mycelium to a new place. To do this, you need to prepare a small hole in advance. Such a transplant is done only in the morning or in the evening. The best time for her is the transition from summer to autumn (plus or minus one week). At this time, there is still enough moisture and heat in the earth.
Water the place where the mycelium was transferred, you need daily, even in inclement weather. If everything is done correctly, then in a year you can expect a crop. To maintain it, you need to plant pieces of mushrooms in this place every year.
Growing porcini mushrooms with mycelium
You can grow a white mushroom in the country with the help of mycelium. Before planting under the tree, the top layer of the earth is removed. Compost is laid on the exposed area, and on top are slices of mycelium of mushrooms. You need to spread in a checkerboard pattern. Then put the removed turf on top and water well. On one tree, 3 buckets of water are needed. But you need to water carefully, so as not to erode the soil.
To achieve a better and faster result, the place is covered with fallen leaves or straw. This helps to maintain moisture, as the mycelium should not be allowed to dry. It is best to add fertilizers to the water that is watered on the plot. In the cold season, the mycelium is covered with branches, straw and fallen leaves - a thick layer so that the soil does not freeze much. In spring, this “veil” must be removed. Ceps will appear as soon as the mycelium has taken root. And they will grow on this site up to 4 years. When watering with fertilizers - up to 7 years.
Sowing porcini mushrooms
Growing porcini mushrooms in the country is not so difficult. The main thing is that deciduous or coniferous trees must necessarily grow in the summer cottage. Mushrooms are soaked for a day in a bucket of water. Then they are kneaded with hands until a homogeneous mass. Water is filtered through a rag or gauze. The remaining liquid is poured onto the roots of the tree, and on top is the tissue with the mushroom mass remaining in it, covered with turf and watered abundantly. Then humidity is constantly maintained. After a year, you can get the first crop.
Chanterelle Growing
How to grow mushrooms in the country, if there are no trees on the site? In this case, they must first be planted or moved from the forest. The mycelium with chanterelles forms a mycelium (mycorrhiza), growing in the roots of trees. These mushrooms love pine and spruce. And also they can be found near beeches, oaks. But next to garden plantings, they do not grow. Therefore, in the summer cottage there should be young forest trees.
One of the most favorite mushrooms of many gourmets is chanterelles. Mushrooms can be grown in the country in two ways: to sow spores or to transfer mycelium from the forest. In this case, it is best to grab a little land on which the mycelium was located. This is the most reliable and fastest way to grow chanterelles in the country. Disputes are sown in the ways described above.
Oyster mushrooms: growing, care and collection
Oyster mushrooms grow very quickly and give a good harvest . How to grow forest mushrooms at home and in the country? First you need to choose a room that will be used for growing mushrooms (garage, basement, cellar, etc.). It is disinfected with a four percent solution of lime. Then it closes for two days and then is well ventilated until the smell leaves. Two such premises should be prepared: seedling and vegetable.
Prepare the substrate. It can be made from the husks of sunflower seeds, corncobs, sawdust, straw or cereal plants. You can use several of the materials listed. Substrate Preparation:
- the mixture is poured with warm water for 20 minutes;
- dirty water is drained, the mixture is wrung out and filled with hot water for 7 hours, oppression is placed on top;
- water drains again, and the mass is wrung out;
- superphosphate, urea and a little ground limestone and gypsum are added to the resulting mixture.
Next, bags are prepared on which oyster mushroom will grow. Any polyethylene will do. Holes with a diameter of 2 cm are made in them, through which mushrooms will later grow. The distance between them should be 15-20 cm.
Bags are filled with ready-made wet substrate. First 15 cm, then a layer of mycelium, etc., until the bag is 2/3 full. Then it is tied and transferred to the room. Bags can be either suspended or simply installed in rows.
The temperature in the germination room should be maintained from 22 to 24 degrees. In bags - not higher than 28. Humidity in the room is from 90 to 95%. Lighting is not required. Bags are transferred to the plant room as soon as the substrate is overgrown with mycelium. They are placed or suspended at a distance from each other for good ventilation.
In a plant room, humidity should be maintained from 90 to 95%, and temperature - from 12 to 18 degrees. You can install automatic sprayers or leave water containers in the room. But you must not allow it to hit the bags. Lighting should only work 12 hours a day. Uses ordinary daylight. Good ventilation is needed.
When oyster mushroom begins to grow, the holes increase. You can cut mushrooms on the eighth day. They are stored in special containers or plastic bags. The second crop appears in two weeks.
Oyster mushrooms can be grown right in the garden. For this, the basis is selected - logs or pieces of wood. Then, holes, grooves are made in them and the wood is moistened. Mycelium is poured into the holes and covered with bark. Then these pieces of wood are placed in small holes in the ground (on a layer of sawdust) and covered with a film. Good humidity is constantly maintained. Oyster mushrooms will appear already in the second month and will bear fruit for several years.
What increases the chance of survival of the mycelium
How to grow mushrooms in the country? If there are already deciduous or coniferous plantations on the site, then it is better to take those mushrooms that grow in the forest near the same tree. After collection, they can be stored no more than 10 hours. Mushrooms should not be frozen. After defrosting, it is useless to plant them - they will not grow. When soaked in water, alcohol (4 tbsp.spoons per 10 l) or sugar (50 grams for the same number of liters) is added.
Place the future mycelium watered with a disinfectant solution 3 hours before planting. Mostly used solutions of tannins (oak bark or black tea). Before watering, they need to be cooled. Mushrooms take root well if planted before mid-September. If later - they may not grow at all or the mycelium will not take root. The place of landing in the heat is watered once a week with four buckets of water.
Advice
Many are interested in how to grow mushrooms in the country, so that there is a good harvest. There are some tips that you can use to achieve good results:
- the landing site is better to choose in the shade;
- if the soil does not have enough moisture, you need to water it additionally;
- mushrooms planted no further than 1.5 meters from the tree in the cool time of the day;
- mushrooms take root poorly near fruit trees.
Now you know everything to successfully grow mushrooms.