Children's "Paracetamol" is an antipyretic and analgesic. Given the serious problems with an overdose, it is necessary to strictly follow the doctor's recommendations and follow the instructions.
Composition
According to the instructions, children's "Paracetamol" in syrup and suspension contains the main active ingredient paracetamol in a dosage of 120 mg / 5 ml. Auxiliary components include:
- Avicel RC-591, or microcrystalline cellulose (sodium carmellose);
- xanthan gum, or xanthan gum;
- nipagin, or methyl parahydroxybenzoate;
- sugar or sucrose;
- propylene glycol;
- glycerol, or glycerol;
- food sorbitol, or sorbitol;
- orange or strawberry flavoring;
- purified water.
Pharmacological properties
According to the instructions for children's "Paracetamol" in a suspension of 120 mg, the pharmacodynamics of the drug is as follows: it is a non-narcotic type analgesic with a bright antipyretic and analgesic effect. The medicine blocks cyclooxygenase one and two, which affects the central nervous system. In addition, the drug affects the foci of thermoregulation and pain. Cell peroxidases completely neutralize the effect of the drug on cyclooxygenase, as a result of which a strong anti-inflammatory effect is not manifested. Also, the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines does not suffer from the effects of paracetamol, and the exchange of water and salts in the body is not disturbed due to the effects of the drug.
To find out how long the children's “Paracetamol" in suspension according to the instructions works, it is necessary to study the drug pharmacology. It is as follows:
- A high degree of absorption at which the maximum concentration is achieved within half an hour or two hours and ranges from five to twenty micrograms / ml.
- With plasma proteins, the drug binds to fifteen percent;
- Paracetamol crosses the blood-brain barrier.
- When taking the drug by a nursing mother, less than two percent of the dose taken passes into breast milk.
- The therapeutic effect of the concentration of the drug in blood plasma is achieved only with the use of paracetamol at a dosage of ten to fifteen mg / kg.
- The metabolism of the drug in the liver occurs as follows: eighty percent interacts with conjugation and glucuronic acid, as well as sulfates, resulting in the formation of inactive metabolites; seventeen percent are hydroxylated, forming eight active-type metabolites that enter into a conjugated reaction with glutathione, cysteine and mercapturic acid, eventually forming inactive-type metabolites.
- The main isoenzymes of cytochrome P450 with this type of metabolism are the isoenzyme CYP2E1, which plays a leading role, and the isoenzymes CYP3A4 and CYP1A2, which play a secondary role. If glutathione is not enough, the metabolites can block the hepatocyte enzyme systems, and also cause necrosis of these enzymes.
- According to the instructions for children's "Paracetamol" in suspension, the synthesis of metabolites of paracetamol (for example, sulfates, glucuronides, as well as conjugates containing glutathione) has low pharmacological and toxic activity.
- The half-life of the substances entering the drug occurs within two to three hours. During the day, eighty-five to ninety-five percent of the main active substance is excreted from the body through the kidneys in the form of sulfates and glucuronides, and three percent is excreted in its pure form.
Indications for use
According to the instructions for use of "Paracetamol" in suspension or baby syrup, the drug is used in the following cases:
- When a mild or moderate intense pain occurs.
- If fever is detected during the course of an infectious and inflammatory disease, including viral infections.
- When post-vaccination hyperthermia occurs.
Dosage and route of administration
5 ml of suspension contains 120 mg of paracetamol. Thus, according to the instructions for children's "Paracetamol" in suspension, 100 ml contains sixteen doses of 5 ml; 150 ml - 24 doses, and 200 ml - 32 doses.
The drug must be taken orally before meals. The suspension is taken in a dry, undiluted form, washed down with a sufficient amount of water. Shake well before use. You need to take the drug up to four times a day, maintaining an interval between doses of at least four hours.
According to the instructions for the use of children's "Paracetamol" in suspension, the dosage size is calculated based on the weight and age of the child. One dose is 10-15 mg / kg of body weight, and the daily dose is not more than 60 mg / kg of body weight.
In order to accurately calculate the dosage of the drug, either a measuring spoon or a syringe is used (the attached attribute depends on the configuration of the drug).
According to the instructions for children's "Paracetamol" in suspension, if a measuring syringe is used, the following steps must be performed:
- Shake the suspension thoroughly.
- Open the cap on the bottle.
- Insert the syringe firmly into the hole of the adapter bottle installed on the neck.
- Turn the bottle with the syringe inside, then gently pull the piston down, while turning it gently.
- Return the bottle to its normal position and remove the syringe with the medicine, while turning it gently.
- Give the child the drug through a syringe. In order for the suspension to flow smoothly into the oral cavity, slowly press the piston or administer the drug in parts.
Rinse the measuring syringe with running water, each time immediately after use. After that, it is necessary to dry it, having previously disassembled it, at normal temperature, removing the measuring syringe in a place inaccessible to the child. It is necessary to store it together with the drug in the package.
According to the instructions for children's "Paracetamol" in suspension, the dosage of the drug is as follows:
- From one to three months - to treat the symptoms manifested during vaccination, a single dose of suspension in a volume of 2.5 ml is used. After four hours, if the child’s temperature does not drop, you can repeat the reception. After a second dose, you must seek the help of a doctor. Further administration of the drug as a treatment for hyperthermia after vaccination is possible only under the supervision of a physician. If treatment is necessary for a premature baby from one to three months old, this drug can be taken only after consulting a doctor.
- From three months to a year - from two and a half to five ml (or from sixty to one hundred and twenty mg) depending on the weight of the child (the instructions for the children's "Paracetamol" in the suspension contain the corresponding table).
- From a year to six years - from five to ten ml (or from one hundred twenty to two hundred and forty mg), depending on the weight of the child.
- From six to fourteen years old - from ten to twenty ml (or from two hundred forty to four hundred eighty mg), depending on the weight of the child.
According to the instructions for children's "Paracetamol" in a suspension of 120 mg / 5 ml (or any other), the dosage depending on weight is determined as follows:
- From 4 to 8 kg - 2.5 ml.
- From 8 to 16 kg - 5 ml.
- From 16 to 32 kg - 10 ml.
- Over 32 kg - 15-20 ml.
- Adults, regardless of weight - 20 ml.
The duration of treatment should not exceed three days (if used as an antipyretic) and should not exceed five days (if used as an anesthetic). Further treatment with the drug is possible only after the approval of the doctor.
special instructions
According to the instructions for the children's "Paracetamol" in suspension, before taking the drug, you must study the special instructions:
- When taking the drug during pregnancy or breastfeeding, it should be borne in mind that it penetrates the placenta and lactate. If the reception is carried out in a therapeutic dosage, then it is completely harmless to the child; if high, it may have a hepatotoxic effect. Therefore, you must strictly follow the instructions regarding the dosage of the drug. If admission is carried out during breastfeeding, it should be borne in mind that the concentration of the drug in breast milk is one to two percent of the mother’s dose. Thus, no negative effects on breast-feeding children have been established. It is necessary to use the drug, strictly observing the dosage and dosage regimen.
- It is necessary to avoid the use of Paracetamol at the same time with other paracetamol-containing drugs, as this can provoke an overdose of this component.
- If the use of the drug lasts more than five days, it is necessary to monitor peripheral blood (its indicators), as well as the state of liver function.
- When taking the drug, people with diabetes should be aware that sorbitol and sucrose (0.25 XE per 5 ml) are included.
- After taking paracetamol, the results of studies on the content of glucose and acid (urinary) in the blood plasma are distorted.
- If the fever lasts more than three days, and the pain is more than five, you should immediately consult a doctor.
- According to the instructions for children's "Paracetamol" in suspension, the drug does not affect the ability to control the vehicle and other mobile mechanisms.
Side effects
According to the instructions for the use of children's "Paracetamol" in suspension, the drug can cause the following adverse reactions:
- nausea
- vomiting
- abdominal pain;
- an allergic reaction in the form of itching, skin rash, urticaria, or Quincke's edema;
- leukopenia;
- agranulocytosis;
- thrombocytopenia.
Long-term use with large doses can cause nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic effects in the form of interstitial nephritis or papillary necrosis, as well as hemolytic or aplastic anemia, methemoglobinemia or pancytopenia.
Exceeding the established disinfection of the drug can cause liver failure.
Other drug interactions
- Phenytoin, barbiturates, ethanol, flumecinol, phenylbutazone, rifampicin, tricyclic antidepressants and other microsomal hepatic oxidation inducers increase the production of active hydroxylated metabolites, which may lead to the development of toxic effects if the overdose is small.
- Oxidation inhibitors (microsomal) reduce the possibility of intoxication.
- Long-term use of large doses of paracetamol with salicylates increases the risk of kidney or bladder cancer.
- Ethanol causes the development of an acute degree of pancreatitis.
- Long-term use of paracetamol with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs increases the risk of analgesic nephropathy, as well as papillary renal necrosis.
- The simultaneous use of paracetamol with Diflunisal increases the plasma concentration by fifty percent, that is, there is a risk of intoxication.
Contraindications
Contraindications include:
- individual intolerance to the components of the drug;
- diseases of the circulatory system;
- lack of glucose-six-phosphate dehydrogenase at the genetic level;
- lack of isomaltase / sucrose, fructose intolerance or malabsorption (glucose-galactose);
- newborns (up to one month).
Careful use in the following cases:
- renal or liver failure;
- alcoholism or liver damage to alcohol;
- diabetes;
- period of pregnancy and lactation;
- age from one to three months.
Overdose
Symptoms of an overdose may include:
- pallor of the skin;
- disorders of the gastrointestinal tract;
- profuse sweating.
Severe overdose can cause liver failure, arrhythmia, coma and even death.
If you find the first signs of poisoning, you should immediately consult a doctor.
Treatment for overdose is as follows:
- Rinse the stomach no later than four hours after an overdose.
- Take activated carbon.
- Introduce SH group donors and methionine within eight hours after poisoning.
The doctor determines further actions based on the degree of poisoning and the elapsed time.
Storage conditions
Store the drug in a warm, dry place. Storage temperature - no more than 25 degrees. Keep out of the reach of children.
Shelf life is three years. After the expiration date, the drug must be discarded.
Packaging
A suspension for oral administration with an orange or strawberry flavor in a dosage of 120 mg / 5 ml is available in 100, 150 or 200 grams in a dark glass bottle.
The bottle, together with the instructions and a measuring syringe or measuring spoon, is packed in a cardboard box.
Analogs
The following medicines are analogues of Paracetamol:
- "Panadol Baby."
- AnGriMax.
- "Piaron."
- "Paracetamol Darnitsa, No. 10".
- Gricomed.
- "Grippocytron" (powder).
- Max Flu.
- "Grippostad® C" (capsules).
- "Piaron" (suspension).
- Coldrex (tablets).
- Coldrex Junior
- Antiflu Kids
"Paracetamol" for children is a very often used medicine. But its reception, like the intake of any other drug, must be agreed with the doctor.