You can make life in a country house convenient and comfortable only by performing an operation such as installing a water supply system and, of course, heating. When drafting communications of both types, a lot of different factors should be taken into account. We will talk about which ones exactly in this article. We will also examine in detail how to properly assemble such systems yourself.
Design
Before you begin to perform operations such as installing water and heating systems, you should determine the source of supply. Suburban areas are usually located very far from centralized engineering systems. And therefore, to use the simplest way - connecting to a common water supply system is often simply impossible. Therefore, the owners of residential country houses or cottages have to choose one of three alternative options:
- drill a well "on the sand";
- dig a well in the yard or garden;
- order artesian well drilling from specialists .
Each of these methods of providing a country house with drinking and industrial water, as well as a heating system heating medium, has its pluses and minuses.
Well in the yard
This is the simplest and cheapest technology. Water when using the well is supplied from a depth of not more than 5-15 meters. Therefore, in most cases, all work can be done independently, without involving expensive equipment and hiring specialists. Water is supplied to the house from such a source using a conventional pump installed in the basement. From the well, a pipe laid in a trench leads to it. It is led into the basement through a through-hole insulated hole in the foundation.
By digging a well, you can provide yourself with water for at least 50 years in advance. However, this method of water supply has a number of significant drawbacks. Firstly, the mine will have to be cleaned periodically. Secondly, the quality of water in wells during spring floods or heavy rains may not be too good.
Well "on the sand"
The arrangement of such a source of water supply can also be done independently - with the help of a garden drill. The depth of the sand wells reaches 50 m. But in most cases, the water intake sand layer can be detected as early as 15 m from the surface of the earth. A deep pump is lowered into a drilled well on a strong cable. Water is supplied to the house through pipes, as in the first case, laid in a trench. A pump is installed in the basement, and then internal water supply systems are installed.
This method has many advantages: cheap arrangement, high-quality water, its uninterrupted supply, etc. But, deciding to use just such a source of supply, it should be borne in mind that it can last no more than 8 years.
Artesian well
This source of supply is best suited for a large cottage. Design and installation of water supply systems for buildings of a large area are usually entrusted to specialists. However, even if for some reason the owners of the site decide on self-assembly, they will still have to hire professionals to drill this type of well.
Artesian mines supply water from a calcareous layer, which lies much lower than the sand layer - to a depth of 135 m. Thus, without involving special equipment in this case, it will not be possible. But the water supplied from such a well is the cleanest. In this case, it will most likely be beat out of the pipe on its own - under pressure. When using this method of providing a suburban building with water, in most cases you can even do without a pump. In addition, it is allowed to install heating and water supply systems for several cottages or houses at the source of this type.
Equipment selection
Having decided on the type of source, you can begin to perform all necessary calculations and draw up drawings. First of all, it will be necessary to determine the type of equipment. The pump power is calculated based on the amount necessary to ensure a comfortable living water and the degree of remoteness of the source. For an uninterrupted supply, it is usually sufficient to lay a pipe with a diameter of 32 mm in the trench. It will be necessary to increase it only if the source is located very far from home. In the building itself, metal-plastic or polypropylene pipes with a diameter of ½ and ¾ are usually used for wiring. The volume of the accumulator is calculated based on the number of people living in the house. It is such advice on choosing equipment for home craftsmen that is usually given by specialists who perform professional installation and repair of water supply systems in private homes.
Those wishing to arrange a shower and bath in the house, among other things, will need to purchase a special heater. Most often, in country houses, gas water heaters are used for hot water supply. If the highway to the village is not connected, you will have to buy an electric model of the heater.
Installation of a water supply system: laying a supply pipe
So, the project has been completed, and the equipment has been purchased. Now you can proceed with the actual assembly of the system. Laying the supply pipe must be carried out in compliance with the following rules:
- The trench leading from the well or well to the house should be laid at a slight angle. Otherwise, the water in the pipe will stagnate.
- The depth of the trench should not be less than 50-70 cm. This is necessary in order to prevent freezing of water in the pipe in the winter. At the bottom of the trench, a sand cushion is arranged.
- A pipe is introduced into the house through a through-hole insulated hole in the foundation.
At the next stage, you can start an operation such as installing a cold water supply system, and if necessary, hot, inside the building. Previously, a pump is connected to the pipe leading from the well. Further, a special valve is installed to prevent reverse water flow. After this is done
Pipe wiring in the building
Connecting various kinds of plumbing fixtures in the house happens:
- Consistent. In this case, the pipe simply passes through the walls of the house. Bathtub, sinks, cistern, shower, etc. are connected to it through tees. Such a scheme is suitable for a small house.
- Collector. Using this technology, water supply systems are usually installed in residential country cottages. In this case, a separate pipe is drawn to each consumer from a common collector. This scheme allows you to provide the same water pressure at every point in the house.
After connecting to the pump system, a hydraulic accumulator is installed, followed by a tee, to which two pipes are connected. Subsequently, one will supply water for household needs, the second - drinking. The latter is equipped with cleaning filters, after which it is connected to the collector.
Installation of a hot water supply system
When assembling a similar design, the heater is pre-fixed to the wall. After the cleaning filter, another tee is installed on the pipe with drinking water. A second highway is connected to it, which is brought to the water heater.
House heating
Performing such an operation as installing a water supply system is a rather complicated procedure in some cases. It is even more difficult to arrange effective heating in the house with your own hands.
However, if you wish, you can try to perform this operation yourself. In this case, you should first determine the type:
- The boiler. Usually, gas houses are installed in country houses. Double-circuit models can simultaneously serve as water heaters in a hot water supply system.
- The system itself. In small houses, structures with natural coolant circulation are usually mounted. In residential cottages systems with forced are assembled.
- Pipes In residential buildings, metal-plastic ones are most often used, characterized by ease of installation and durability.
- Radiators. The most popular battery options today are aluminum and bimetal.
The capacity of the expansion tank depends on the volume of the coolant in the system. The power of the circulation pump - on the length of the lines.
Among other things, it should also be decided which system will be carried out in the house: one-pipe or two-pipe. The first option is usually used only in houses of a small area. The installation of a two-pipe water supply system is more complicated, but such designs are much more convenient, since the radiators in them are heated to the same extent.
Steps for installing a heating system
Actually the assembly itself is done like this:
- The boiler is installed. To connect it to the gas line according to the standards, it is necessary to call specialists.
- Highways are attached to the walls.
- Radiators are connected. It is best to place them under the windows. At the same time, the distance from the floor to the lower edge of each battery should not be less than 10 cm. Mayevsky taps are installed on all radiators .
- An expansion tank is mounted next to the boiler on the return water pipe.
- A circulation pump is attached to the bypass. A cleaning filter is installed in front of it.
- The mains are connected to the boiler nozzles.
After all components are assembled, the system is crimped. That is, water is pumped into the pipes under high pressure. If leaks are found, measures are taken to eliminate them.
In fact, the installation of heating and water supply systems are quite complicated procedures, having a lot of nuances. In a small summer cottage or one-story residential building, you can execute them yourself. But for the wiring of such communications in the cottage, most likely, it would be better to still hire specialists who are well versed in this matter.