The level of the economic situation in Russia is determined by many factors. The well-being of each of us depends on the financial stability of the country. One of the main indicators under the law is the minimum wage. Wage - what is it in simple words?
How is the minimum wage deciphered?
This concept is necessary in order to correctly calculate the amount of tax fees, penalties, forfeits and other payments. What is the minimum wage? In simple words, this is the minimum adopted by the government of the Russian Federation, which each enterprise is obligated to pay its employee for the worked month.
Each employee must know the size of his salary, as this is a kind of evidence that he will not receive less than this amount for the worked period. According to the law, an employer should not be charged below this indicator. If the company still paid less than the minimum wage, then it faces both administrative and criminal liability.
Appointments and rules of use
In Russia, the minimum wage is used to solve such major problems as:
- control and adjustment of the level of wages;
- determination of the amount of cash benefits (social benefits and benefits);
- assessment of the rights of those groups of citizens who are insured on pension coverage.
In addition, individual entrepreneurs who carry out their activities make certain insurance contributions based on the minimum wage. This means that with an increase in the cost of living in the country, not only the size of salaries increases, but also the amount of deductions, which leads to an increase in prices.
The minimum wage is deciphered as a specific indicator that affects the amount of fines and taxes. In addition, the minimum subsistence level is applied in the following codes:
- Tax.
- Civil.
- Administrative.
In all legislative acts, it is used at the initial level, in respect of which all monetary fines are formed.
How is the indicator determined?
The decision on the minimum wage (minimum wage) is adopted at the government level. Regional authorities have the right to make decisions on increasing the amount of minimum payments, but it can not be less than already established.
The minimum wage is periodically regulated depending on the increase in the general price index for goods and services. The minimum wage for years, ideally, should not be lower than the minimum income in the area for the working population.
The main reserve is own funds of a private enterprise. For government agencies, the source of income is a budget of a certain level (federal, local).
The national minimum wage is set by the parliament of the Russian Federation (it is a representative and legislative body), signed by the president, and this document receives the force of a federal legislative act. In the subjects of the minimum wage is determined by trilateral agreement. It is developed on the basis of a general solution, and then they approve:
- the highest executive collegial government body or administration of the region;
- trade union or other association from employees;
- All-Russian public organization representing the interests of business circles.
After the agreement is announced in the regional media, employers have the right to express their negative assessment by writing a written statement to the regional administration.
If in a certain period the company does not express its opinion on this issue, then this is regarded as acceptance of the situation. In fact, such cases are rare.
What is included in the remuneration?
How is the minimum wage deciphered? In Russia, this is the smallest amount of cash payments to an unskilled employee for a fully worked month. In this case, the work must be performed in good conditions. Article 129 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation establishes the following components of this minimum:
- Cash payments for his work, taking into account the professional skills and knowledge of the employee.
- Additional payments for inconsistencies that contradict the standard conditions of work (northern area, radiation zone).
- Bonuses and incentive rewards.
For additional workload, a separate payment is appropriate. Payment for part-time or one and a half rates is not required to be a minimum wage. The minimum payment should be calculated taking into account the additional load.
Holidays and night shifts
Overtime processing is not included in the minimum wage. The Labor Code establishes payment for an employee leaving outside his schedule. Article 152 defines the payment for processing (the first two hours are one and a half times more expensive, the next hours are calculated by a double increase). At the request of the employee, cash compensation may be an additional weekend.
Article 153 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation defines the features of payment on weekends and holidays.
Legal Aspects
The federal law "On the minimum wage" was adopted on June 19, 2000. The legislative acts stipulated that since July 1, the minimum wage was 132 rubles, from January 1, 2001 - two hundred rubles, and in 2017 - 7,800 rubles. Compliance with the legal minimum is monitored by higher authorities:
- prosecutor's office;
- tax office;
- Labour Inspectorate;
- social insurance fund.
When an offense is discovered, a system of fines is applied to the employer. Their structure and sequence of actions are registered in the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation. The sanction is subject to the manager of the company or the enterprise itself. The organization and the director are fined; entrepreneurs are forced to make payments or cease operations for a specified period.
New minimum wage
Consider the highest and lowest cash payments in the Russian regions for 2017. Since January 1, the minimum wage has risen to seven thousand eight hundred rubles. The same amount is maintained in most urban districts.
There are regions with a minimum wage higher than seven thousand eight hundred rubles, for example:
- Bryansk and Vladimir regions increased the figure to eight thousand five hundred rubles.
- Kursk region - nine thousand eight hundred rubles.
- Moscow - seventeen thousand five hundred rubles.
- Moscow region - thirteen thousand seven hundred rubles.
- Ryazan and Tambov region - eight thousand three hundred rubles.
- Yaroslavl region - ten thousand rubles.
- Krasnoyarsk Territory - from ten thousand five hundred rubles to twenty seven thousand seven hundred rubles.
In the Oryol region, the minimum wage rose to ten thousand rubles. And in the Tula region, the minimum wage increased by five thousand two hundred rubles.
It is worth noting that in the entire Siberian region the minimum wage is higher than the standard established by the state.
Increase
On January 1 of next year, a traditional increase in the minimum wage will occur. The document that governs amendments to federal law was published on September 11, 2017. The bill will be submitted to the State Duma in conjunction with the draft budget of the Russian Federation for 2018-2020. According to some experts in this field, there is a high probability that the document will be approved.
The increase in the minimum wage in 2018 will be significant. It should be eighty-five percent of the cost of living. And since 2019, the minimum wage from the price estimate of the consumer basket should be one hundred percent.
Thus, the minimum wage in Russia should increase by twenty-one percent (9,489 rubles). Therefore, an increase in the minimum wage will entail an increase in the salaries of employees of regional enterprises.
What is the difference between the minimum wage and the cost of living?
These concepts often arise in the life of every citizen of the Russian Federation. The first term covers only employed people, and the cost of living is defined for all categories of the population. Each urban district records its values in relation to these two terms, but they cannot be lower than the norm established by the state. In life, it turns out that the size of the subsistence minimum is greater than the minimum wage. In this regard, we can conclude that a citizen does not always receive the payment that is enough to pay for all needs.
Thus, the minimum wage is deciphered as the minimum income. It serves as the basis for the calculation of taxes and benefits. The size of the living wage is approved by the state. Set this coefficient separately for each citizen:
- pensioner;
- a child;
- able-bodied citizen.
The ratio between the minimum wage and the cost of living
For the first six months of two thousand and seventeen, the cost of living is:
- For the working population - 10,404 rubles.
- For people of retirement age - 7 916 rubles.
- For children - 9 489 rubles.
- The average figure is 9,662 rubles.
The minimum wage for the past few years was:
- in 2013 - five thousand two hundred rubles;
- in 2014 - five thousand five hundred rubles;
- in 2017 - seven thousand eight hundred rubles.
According to the above indicators, we can conclude that the minimum wage is somewhat less than the cost of living. In Russia, a gradual increase in the minimum wage (minimum wage) is planned , which will reduce the difference between them. The highest coefficient of remuneration approved in France, the Netherlands.