Humanity is rapidly aging, out of the total number of inhabitants of our planet, the number of people of retirement age totals one billion. This is one in six people. If we talk about Russia, then every fourth resident is a pensioner. Have you ever thought about what is old age, the period of survival, pension?
Old age can be compared to the fall of life - faded colors, events of the past float in memory. When you are young and full of energy, it all seems so distant, ghostly. But time does not spare anyone - year after year, you are already thirty, forty, fifty years old. What seemed so far away becomes very intimate and tangible. Unfortunately, everyone has one ending - a well-deserved rest. In the article you will find out what a pension is and a period of survival. How are the dates calculated? What is the funded part? What will be the amount of payments? Who are the "pre-term workers"?
Retirement benefits
Pension - a constant cash payment, which is carried out on a regular basis to persons with a certain social status. Regular guaranteed cash support is paid to the following categories:
- People who have reached a certain age will receive an old-age pension.
- People who have serious health problems from birth, as well as injuries and injuries that do not allow them to fully carry out labor activities, are issued a disability pension.
- To minors, in case of loss of parents or guardians (death and so on) - is issued in connection with the loss of the breadwinner.
Pension payments are of two types:
- State guaranteed payments.
- Private (implemented by private pension funds).
Assigned retirement benefits are unlimited.
Wording
What is the survival period? This is the average period established by the state during which the funded pension is paid and paid in equal shares until the person dies. It is determined and established by legal norms, based on statistics on the average life expectancy of a citizen after completion of labor activity with the acquisition of the status of “senior citizen”.
Estimated Duration of Survival
The term was approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 531 in 2015. The indicator is subject to annual adjustments, based on the data of the Federal State Statistics Service. The calculation of the survival period is carried out by the state executive authority - the Government of the Russian Federation. Data is processed, as a result, the average retirement life of a person is calculated. The indicator is usually calculated in months. The survival periods of the male and female part of the population of the Russian Federation have differences in terms. Women have more, men have less.
Technology for calculating the period of survival
During the 2015 pension reform , the Cabinet of Ministers adopted Decree No. 531, which approved the technology for calculating mandatory payments to the elderly. To calculate the pension, the survival period is set according to a certain formula. It looks like this:
- T = (Si × ei + Sj + ej / Si × Sj) × 12.
This technique requires a detailed explanation. Each character has a specific meaning:
- The symbol T - indicates the estimated period for which the transfer of funds is intended (expected payout period). The unit of measurement is one month.
- Symbols Si - indicate the size of the male population over the age of sixty.
- Symbols Sj - indicate the female part of the population, whose age is fifty-five years.
- Symbols ei - prescribe the estimated period that representatives of the male half of the population can live.
- Symbols ej - prescribe the estimated period that representatives of the female half of the population can live.
Data is provided by statistics and accounting authorities.
Features of the process before approving the term of survival
There are some features that apply during the annual recalculation of the survival period. Before the annual approval of the updated dates, a comparison is made with the current indicators. This procedure looks like this:
- In case when the updated indicators turned out to be higher than the current values, the maximum valid indicator for the outgoing year is approved.
- If the indicators turned out below the upper point of the outgoing year, but above the established limits last year, then the period is accepted in the calculated (updated) amount.
- When the indicators are below the upper point of the outgoing year, but not above the established limits for the last reporting period, the term is approved in the maximum amount that was determined over the past year.
Cumulative retirement benefits
Before we figure out how the funded pension and the survival period are related, let's talk about what this payment means? This is money that is accumulated into a single whole by adding the contributions of the employer and the income received from investing the collected amount. Monthly transfers by an employer for a legally employed person are 22%, the share of the funded part is 6%. It is from these two sums that the accumulations in question are made up.
How are payments made? The scheme looks quite simple:
- At the time of retirement, the collected amount begins to be transferred monthly along with the main pension payments. Simply put, this is an additional bonus to the mandatory part of the pension.
- The monthly paid part is calculated according to the formula. In making the calculation, the expected payment period also plays a significant role.
Calculation method, specific amount and choice
The formula and final payment amount is calculated as follows:
Where:
- PEP - regular monthly payments;
- NPH - accumulated pension funds (funded part);
- PD - survival period (expected payout period).
Suppose the funded part of the funds at the time of retirement is 50,000 rubles. In this case, the calculation will look as follows:
The amount of the monthly allowance will be 203 rubles 25 kopecks. How the expected period is calculated is described above.
The law also provides for the following types of receipt of the funded part:
- One-time receipt. It is possible to pay the full amount.
- Urgent receipt. Dates are established by a pensioner, but not less than ten years.
- Standard funded payments calculated using the approved formula.
The category of "pre-term"
The pension legislation of the Russian Federation provides for the possibility of early retirement. The survival period for "pre-term workers" differs from the generally approved. The category is divided into two lists under the numbers 1 and 2. Starting in 2013, the period rises annually by twelve months. From the first list, the life expectancy is: from 2016 - 24 years, for the second list from 2021 - 29 years.
The reasons for this retirement are:
- Difficult working conditions (for example, work in a mine or a hot shop).
- Severe climatic conditions (work in the Arctic or in the Far North).
- A number of specific professions (ballerinas, rescuers and others) fall under the action of this category.
- This also includes residents of regions exposed to radioactive contamination, having the appropriate status.
Citizens are divided into two main categories, giving the right to early exit:
- five years earlier;
- ten years earlier.
If such citizens do not stop legal labor, then an additional preference is provided for them - an allowance for years of service. All other calculations are carried out according to the general formula. Full lists of beneficiaries can be found on the website of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation.
2018 Expected Payout Period
The survival period in Russia for this period is set at 246 months. Based on the data of the State Statistics Service, it can be said that the indicators for the past 2017 exceeded the established maximum and were at around 261 months. Accordingly, the maximum level was determined. Therefore, in the current year, the figure 246 appears for the calculation according to the formula. In dry language, the current period has increased by six months compared to the previous period.
Real and estimated figures for 2016–2020
According to the annex to the adopted list under number 531 of 2015, the peak values of the possible terms of survival are determined. The list of the period of survival by years is as follows:
- For the 2016 calendar year, the indicator is 234.
- For the 2017 calendar year - 240.
- For the calendar year 2018, 246.
- For the 2019 calendar year - 252.
- For the 2020 calendar year - 258.
Conclusion
To summarize the above, there is only one thing to add. Assignment of guaranteed insurance premiums does not occur automatically; a citizen only receives a legal right to receive a pension when a certain age limit is reached.
For those citizens who decided not to interrupt their work when they reach retirement age and postpone their official retirement, a twelve-month reduction in their life expectancy is provided for each delayed calendar year. But a restriction has been established that regulates the period of survival. It is at least 168 months. Accordingly, pension accruals will be higher according to the formula described above.