Raspberry berry, whether it is fresh fruits or fragrant jam in the winter, attracts everyone without exception. To grow this shrub in your own area does not present any difficulties. When choosing a variety, experts recommend paying attention to the standard form. What it is? Let's get it right.
What raspberry is called bole?
We are all accustomed to the fact that raspberries are shrubs that in a few years give a fairly strong growth and without proper care form real thickets. Therefore, ordinary varieties are usually grown in a trellis way. Breeding does not stand still and is now extremely popular among gardeners with standard raspberries. The main feature of this species is that it has thicker, stronger and branched shoots. In this regard, the name "raspberry tree" can often be found. In fact, this is the same bush, only after regular pinching it gradually begins to resemble a small tree. However, if you do not follow special agricultural technology, you will get all the same thickets that will bear very little fruit. Do not fall for the tricks of unscrupulous sellers, there is no raspberry tree. But there are standard varieties, and with sufficient effort, you will get a good result from them.
Varieties of standard raspberries
Almost every year, the number of varieties increases, and any gardener will find exactly what he likes. We mention only the most famous of them.
Tarusa . High-yielding and medium late raspberry variety. Powerful stems grow up to 2 meters high. They have no spikes and are coated with a wax coating. Winter-hardy variety, tolerates a drop in temperature to -30 ° C. In addition, the Tarusa variety is disease resistant. Berries have a mass of up to 15 g, bright raspberry color, elongated.
A fairy tale . Stack raspberries of this variety have a very high yield (more than 12 kg per bush). It is also quite resistant to colds and various diseases. The berries are large, up to 20 g in weight, dense, well amenable to transportation.
Fortress . In addition to good taste and yield, the variety gives a very good shoot and forms a powerful root system, which allows it to be used by those who sell seedlings.
Galaxy High-yielding variety (up to 20 kg per bush), large berries with excellent taste, strong, well tolerate transportation.
Place for raspberries
This shrub loves the sun, so on the site, define a sunny place under it, hidden from drafts. Stack raspberries, like regular or remontant, love to grow on slopes, away from ground and stagnant waters. It is advisable that the soil be well-drained, neutral or slightly acidic. Think immediately about winter, that raspberries should be covered with high snow cover. Otherwise, you will have to bend the branches of the bush to the ground.
The worst predecessors for raspberries are nightshade: potatoes, tomatoes. If you are preparing a site for planting in the fall, it is advisable to plant rape, mustard or any legumes on it (peas, beans, alfalfa, etc.).
Time for landing
Stack raspberries (photo above), like any other type of this shrub, can be planted both in spring and autumn. In the first case, the approximate dates are mid-April. They can be shifted, depending on each region. Indeed, for example, in the Urals at this time it is quite possible that the snow has not yet melted or the earth has not dried out. Very often you can find the opinion that spring planting is the most favorable. There is some truth in this. It should be borne in mind: the survival rate in the spring will be higher only if the buds have not yet blossomed, and the plant has not moved to growth. In autumn, raspberries are planted in late September. Seedlings need to be spud 10-12 cm from the soil level. This will protect the shrub from freezing the lower buds.
How to plant standard raspberries?
Planting standard raspberries can be carried out by bush or tape method. In the first case, separate holes are dug for each bush, and in the second, a long trench is prepared. To say which is more correct is difficult for anyone as it is convenient.
If you are going to plant raspberries in a bush method, you need to dig holes about 50 to 50 cm in size. Dip the roots of the seedlings in a solution of mullein and carefully lower them into a hole, sprinkle with a fertile soil mixture. Keep a distance of about one meter between the bushes. With the tape method of landing, you will have to dig a trench, a width and a depth of half a meter. If there will be several rows, then observe a distance of 2 meters between them. Otherwise, it will be inconvenient to trim, harvest, and indeed, the plants will interfere with each other. When planting in a trench between the bushes, the distance should be 40 cm. You can make fertilizers, humus, wood ash in the soil at this time.
It is necessary to plant raspberry seedlings so that after the soil sags, it will be 2-3 cm deeper than the level at which it grew in the nursery.
Raspberry Stambova: care
The agricultural technique of raspberry cultivation consists in its timely pruning, processing with pest preparations, top dressing and binding for the winter. In the very early spring (as soon as the snow melts), the shrub needs to be treated with special preparations as a preventive measure for gray rot, leaf spotting, septoria, anthracnose and rust. Use a 3% Bordeaux mixture for this . Reprocessing is done in mid-autumn. In late April and early May, the soil between the bushes must be flap and mulch, since raspberries love this very much.
In October, while the shoots still retain flexibility, it is necessary to tie the bushes. To do this, the branches of one plant are tilted to the ground and connected with another. The height from the ground should not be more than 30 cm. At the same time, raspberries can be fed with organic fertilizers.
Watering and feeding
Stamp raspberries are very fond of moisture, so you need to water it, especially during flowering and fruiting. Frequency - once a week, and water consumption is about 5 liters per bush. Well in this case, a drip irrigation system is suitable.
During the summer, raspberries are periodically treated with malathion. This protects against pests such as raspberry beetle and fly, from weevils, leaf beetles, etc. Feeding with mineral and organic fertilizers is carried out during the period of active berry growth (early July). In October, before winter, it is recommended to introduce humus or manure at the rate of 5-6 kilograms per square meter. They do this in the form of mulching the soil, pouring organic matter with a layer of about 7 cm, and after that - ordinary soil (2 cm) or you can dig everything up gently.
Pruning raspberry raspberries
Despite the fact that standard raspberries are sometimes called tree-shaped, pruning is required anyway. Moreover, it is practically no different from that in relation to ordinary forms. It consists in the removal of shoots that have already given their way, that is, they have been fruitless. Or you can use the double cropping method. In this case, only one escape shoot is left. It is cut off in late May or early June by 10-15 cm, when it reaches about a meter in height. Toward the end of summer, you will form a small bush resembling a tree and having 5-6 side branches. It is in this form that raspberries remain to winter. It is advisable to carry out the second pruning in spring when the leaves have blossomed (mid or end of May). At the same time, the lateral branches must be shortened by 5-12 cm. This, in general, is the whole secret of the standard raspberry.
Any gardener wants to get the maximum effect at minimum cost, well, or at least proportionate to it. One of the best options for fruit and berry shrubs is standard raspberry. Landing and caring for it will not take much time, but the result will definitely please. Standard varieties are characterized by high productivity, large berries (up to 20 g) and resistance to harsh winters, which, of course, qualitatively distinguishes them from others.