Smart home projects involve residential-type buildings that are equipped with high-tech devices and automation.
general description
Under the aforementioned expression, it is worth understanding a system that provides resource-saving and security, as well as comfort for each user. In the simplest case, she has the ability to recognize certain situations that occur in the house, as well as respond accordingly to them. Thus, one of the systems is able to control the behavior of others according to the developed algorithms. This is easier to understand if you can imagine that the heating system is not functioning against the air conditioning system. Heating of the house is carried out according to the weather and taking into account many other factors. Among the latter, one can distinguish wind power and time of day. For example, at night the most comfortable temperature is less than during the day. This concept can be called the most progressive in the interaction of a person with living space. Projects of "smart" houses eliminate the need to use several remotes, switches and separate control units. This applies to watching television broadcasts, lighting control, as well as security alarm systems and video surveillance.
Technology
Smart home projects can be created on the basis of several or one protocol / platform. With their help, they are connected into a single network of the subsystem at home. LanDrive, for example, is the most affordable platform for distributed bus control systems today, including street and indoor lighting, electrical appliances, power loads, air conditioning, access control, and water leakage. Among other things, it is possible to control video and audio equipment, roller shutters, pumps, home theaters, shutters, curtains and motors. Most often, such a system is used as part of a smart home, but recently it can be increasingly seen as part of a system for saving and accounting for energy resources, access control of fire and security systems.
TELETASK is a protocol / bus that is intended for home automation of rooms and buildings where the owner has been staying for a rather long time. These include hotels, cottages, offices and apartments. The X10 control protocol is intended to automate the control of electrical appliances. The signal is supplied using wires or in the radio range. Among the shortcomings, one can single out a low information transfer rate, the possibility of a false positive problem, and also the lack of feedback. 1-Wire is a technology that allows you to connect devices and sensors into a single network, which are controlled using a personal computer. To transmit information in this network, one wire is used. This technology is distinguished by ease of installation and low cost.
Air conditioning and heating
Smart home projects require air conditioning, heating and ventilation. Using this technology, it is possible to provide a constant temperature, fresh air intake rate and a predetermined humidity level. Among other things, the technology is able to save energy due to the economical use of using the temperature of the internal environment. There may be mechanisms for automatically closing and opening windows for the entry of warm and cold air at certain times of the day. Management takes place through an air conditioning network.
Lighting system
Considering the objectives of the Smart Home project, one can single out the highest degree of human living comfort. Among other technologies, one can distinguish a lighting system that controls the level of light. This technology is also used to save energy. This effect can be achieved through the use of natural light. Among the subsystems, one can distinguish automation for turning off and on the light at certain intervals of the day, motion sensors, automation for closing the opening of shutters, as well as adjusting the transparency of special glasses.
Power system
The purpose of the Smart Home project, in addition to the above tasks, is also to provide uninterrupted power to the electricity system. This is achieved by switching to alternative sources. Among the subsystems, industrial UPSs, automatic reserve transfer, and diesel generators can be distinguished.
Safety system
These include access control inside the building, video surveillance, tracking systems using remote control, fire and burglar alarms. The system provides protection against leaks, the occurrence of which blocks the water supply when filling the room. Carrying out installation work involves the presence of special sensors and cranes that are able to detect problem situations. The owner can use the system of remote reporting on the situation in the house, at the facility or in the apartment. Management can be done using the phone.
Access to the house
The finished project of a smart home must necessarily involve meeting the owner by using appropriate technologies. Thus, the lighting must be activated above the gate or front door. Management is possible using motion sensors, as well as remote controls. The last option allows you to turn on the lighting even before the entrance of the car.
Courtyard
When a project is developed using the Smart Home technology, a plan is created for lighting the courtyard's interior . Management can be carried out immediately in three ways, namely: using sensors, on a schedule or through switches. There is a need to add the ability to control the alarm. The “smart” house has the ability to indicate the lighting groups and the time of their use. For example, until 23:00, in case of motion detection, the system can use the main lighting at full brightness. Whereas after the indicated time, the intensity can be reduced by 50%. If the owner arrived after 24:00, then only the tracks can light up in the yard.
entrance to the house
When designing a Smart Home project (complexity class 7), you can take into account the presence of a controller, which can be in one or several copies. It is necessary for processing information coming from the screen of the intercom. You can talk with a person on any phone, since each device is connected to micro-MTS. If no one is at home, the guest’s image will be immediately sent by e-mail, after which the owner will be able to decide whether to let the visitor in or leave him unattended. Disabling the alarm will occur by dialing a secret code by telephone.
Hallway
If you are considering a project on the topic "Smart Home", then you can not help but pay attention to the lighting system in the hallway. The light in this part of the house turns on automatically at night. Technology eliminates the need for the host to use all kinds of buttons. On sale you can find all kinds of automation devices, they will allow you to analyze from which room and at what time a person went into the hallway. In this case, the light turns on to the desired brightness level. Smooth inclusion does not lead to frequent burnout of lamps, prolonging their service life. Such systems are most often installed in passage zones or rooms that are rarely used. The functional and creative project "Smart Home" provides for the presence of a useful fixture in the hallway, which is responsible for turning off all the lighting of the building by pressing only one button. Once it is involved, you do not have to go around the entire territory to check the light. Among other things, pressing this button can turn off some sockets, to which fire hazardous devices are most often connected by type of irons.
Living room
The creative project "Smart Home" guarantees a comfortable stay in the most important building. This is a living room in which there should be a lot of light. It is often enough to set up a home theater. Here most often set up to 10 lighting groups. Next to the light switches, it is advisable to place the control buttons that are responsible for a particular lighting scene. For example, consider a pre-recorded sequence of actions called a macro. If the family decided to watch a movie, then for this it will be necessary to sit on the sofa and press only one button. At the same time, the curtains close, certain groups of light are muffled, and the rest are completely taken out of action. The first two minutes, the backlight works at 50%, while after this time it goes out completely. When the creative project "Smart Home" (7th grade) is compiled, the technology of which may assume the presence of all the above systems, then programming is provided using the remote control. Using this tool it is possible to control all the equipment.
Bedroom
This room should be one of the most comfortable. However, here automation takes place. Sometimes the owner goes to bed in order to read a book, but after a while he realizes that there is a need to turn off the light, as well as dim it in other rooms. Such raids before bedtime cannot be called pleasant, but they still have to be performed. With the Smart Home system, you can forget about it, since the bedroom most often has a button that takes out the rest of the lighting in the house. To do this, you can use the radio switch, which is mounted on the wall and has a thickness of 7 millimeters. The fixation of this element can be carried out on any surface, including the headboard. Using this switch, you can control the curtains and lighting of the room itself.
It is advisable to install another automation system in the bedroom, which will be responsible for the temperature. During sleep, experts recommend maintaining its level in the range from 14 to 18 degrees. In the morning, I do not want to get out from under the covers in the cool internal climate. The Smart Home system is able to solve this problem. After the lights out, the thermometer column gradually reaches the required level, and closer to waking up it rises to comfortable during daytime wakefulness. In summer, air conditioning will be responsible for this, while in winter - an electromagnetic valve. It corrects the flow of coolant in the heating system. When a creative project "Smart Home" (Grade 7) is being compiled, the technology of which can include all the systems described in the article, the bedroom is most often equipped with a special touch panel that is responsible for lighting. It can also be used as an alarm clock. On the panel, the rise time can be set, for example, at 8:30. At 8:15 in the bedroom, the main lighting may light up with an intensity of 30% of the usual brightness level. At 8:30 the lighting reaches one hundred percent brightness, at the same time, curtains can automatically open.
Bathroom
If you are considering a project on the topic: “Smart Home” (7th grade of complexity), then you need to take care of a high-tech bathroom. With the help of this system it will be convenient to control warm floors. Quite often consumers ask themselves why they need to operate this system if it has its own temperature controller. This question can be answered by citing a fact that indicates high electricity consumption by underfloor heating. Most of the time the system is not used, and if you turn it off at night, then the savings will be significant. A “smart” house without outside help will independently turn off and turn on the system. It can be set to daily automatic adjustment. You can turn on such floors even by phone, sitting in the office, or on the way home from the car. It is especially convenient if the floors will be controlled with an alarm clock. For example, a shutdown can be made at 23:00, and a turn-on can be done one hour before waking up.
Conclusion
If you decide to choose the Smart Home project for your housing, the problem situation will not be scary for you. If necessary, the technology of the system will turn off the water supply and gas supply, as well as electricity, which is very convenient for safety. Little by little, these systems partially enter our lives. For example, many private homes have already installed modern lighting systems that work with motion sensors.